ചരിത്രം ഈ ദിനം

25 May 1661- marriage of King Charles ll ,King of England. Indian City Mumbai was given as dowry..

On 1661 May 25, King Charles II, King of England married Portuguese Princess Catherina of Braganza. India's City of Mumbai was given by Portugal to Charles II as dowry for his marriage.

24 May-birth anniversary of Queen Victoria..

Queen Victoria ,(Alexandrina Victoria) born on 24th May 1819, was the queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22nd January 1901. She adopted the additional title of Empress of India on Ist May 1876 . Her reign of 63 years and seven months, known as Victorian era , was a record that stood still 9 September 2015 when it was broken by her great-granddaughter, Elizabeth ll.

23 May- birth anniversary of Carolus Linnaeus, Father of Taxonomy..

Carolus Linnaeus , born on 23rd May 1707, was a Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician. He defined the principles for grouping , ranking and naming organisms into genera and species (bionomial nomenclature) . He is known as the Father of Modern Taxonomy.

22 May- birth anniversary of Raja Rammohan Roy .

Raja Rammohan Roy , was born on 22nd May 1772 in Bengal, was one of the founder of the Brahma Samaj , a social-religious reforme movement in India. He was given the title of "Raja" by Akbar II , the Mughal emperor . His influence was apparent in the field of politics, Public administration, education and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practice of Sati and Child marriage . Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered to be the "Father of the Indian Renaissance"

21 May 1991- Rajeev Gandhi , 6th Prime Minister of India assassinated

Rajeev Ratna Gandhi , served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989, the youngest Indian Prime Minister at the age of 40. He increased government support for science, technology especially computer . In 1986 he founded Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya system which provides free residential education.The assassination occured as a result of a suicide bombing in Sriperumbudur, Channai on 21st May 1991 by Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) .In 1991 the India Government Posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna , the courtry's highest civilian award.

21 May 1904- Federation of International Football Association (FIFA) formed..

FIFA , the International Federation of Football Association was founded in the year 1904 May 21st. With the number of inter- nation matches increased as football spread, the need for a global governing body emerged. Thus the nations of Europe decided and '' FIFA " was born in Paris , uniting France, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland on 21st May 1904.

20 May 1498- Vasco da Gama landed Calicut .A postage stamp of Portugal depicting the meeting of Gama with Zamorin of Calicut..

Vasco da Gama , born in Portugal, was an explorer and the first European to reach India by sea . His initial voyage to India (1497-1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an Ocean route. It opened the way for an age of global imperialism and a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia. Vasco da Gama landed in Calicut on 20 May 1498, boosted the economy of the Portuguese Empire from the spices, maintained a commercial monopoly for several decades. Gama's death was on 24 December at Kochi..

19 May- birth anniversary of Ho Chi Minh ,revolutionary of North Vietnam..

.Ho Chi Minh ,born on 19th May 1890 in North Vietnam, was a revolutionary and politician. He served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1955 and President from 1945 to 1969. Ideologically a Marxist-Leninist, he served as Chairman and First Secretary of the Worker's Party of Vietnam.

18 May- International Museum Day.

International Museum Day ,organized since 1977,held annually on 18 May,coordinated by the International Council of Museum,highlights the issues facing museums internationally.The objective of the day is to raise awareness about the fact that, Museums are an important means of cultural exchange, enrichment of culture and development of mutual understanding, cooperation and peace among the people..

18 May- birth anniversary of John Paul II.

Pope John Paul-ll , was born on 18th May 1920 in Poland, was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005. Pope John Paul-ll significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam and the Eastern Orthodox Church. He was one of the most travelled World leaders is history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Pope John Paul II was canonised on 27th April 2014 as Saint..

.17 May- World Telecommunication Day .

World Telecommunication Day is proclaimed by the UN General Aassembly in 2005 to commemorate the founding day of the International Telecommunication Union on 17 May 1865. The main objective of the day is to raise global awareness of social changes brought by the Internet and new technologies and to reduce the digital divide.The theme of 2022 is "Digital technologies for Older Persons and Healthy Ageing"..

.16 May 2005- Kuwait grants Women the right to Vote.

In Kuwait, the first bill for the right of women to vote was put to the Parliament in 1973 and was overturned due to the pressure from conservatives. Bill continued to be denied through 1985 and 1986. Women began demanding for their recognition. The Parliament agreed and the first woman was finally appointed as the ambassador of the Persian Gulf in 1993 in 2005 May 16, a bill was passed granting women the right to vote..

16 May 1571-Johannes Kepler introduced the Planetary Motion Theory ..

Johannes Kepler was a famous German mathematician and astronomer , discovered how planets move around the sun in elliptical orbits, having the sun as the foci. He formulated three laws, Kepler's Laws, and Published them in his works- Astronomia Nova in 1609, Harmonices Mundi in 1619 and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy (1617-2.

.15 May- International Day of Families.

The International Day of Families is observed on the 15th of May every year. The day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in 1993 to reflect the importance of international community attaches to families. The Day Provides an opportunity to promote awareness of issues relating to families and to increase knowledge of the social, economic and demographic process of affecting fam.

.14 May 1948- Israel became an independent Nation.

Israeli Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on 14th May 1948 by David Ben-Gurion , the Executive head of the World Zionist Organization. He become the first Prime Minister of Israel, a Jewish state to be known as the State of Israel -termination of the British Mandate..

.14 May 1955- Warsaw Pact Treaty signed.

The Warsaw Treaty was the treaty of Friendship, cooperation, mutual assistance and a collective defense treaty signed on 14 May between the Soviet Union and seven other socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe,during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955..

13 May- birth anniversary of Maria Teresa , the only female ruler of Habsburg domination..

Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina ,was born on 13 May 1717, was the only female ruler of the Habsburg domination and was the sovereign of a vast area in Europe consisting Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine and Holy Roman Empress.Maria Theresa Trade Thalar was the most famous Silver coin in 1780s and most of the world trade was carried on its basis ,later replaced by British Pound and by US Dollar from World War- l..

12 May- International Nurses Day , birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale.

Florence Nightingale , born on 12th May 1820 in Florance, Italy. She was a British social reformer and the founder of modern nursing. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurse during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers. She was also known by the nickname- "The Lady With the Lamp". In recognition of her pioneering in nursing, the highest international medal- Florance Nightingale Medel was named in her honor and the International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday..

11 May- National Technology Day

The Indian Government has officially declared 11 May as the National Technology Day to commemorate the first of the five nuclear tests that were carried out successfully on 11 May 1998. Late President of India, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, was leading the Indian team of scientists to test-fire Pokhran II nuclear missile at Pokhran in Rajasthan. On the same day, the Trishul missile was test fired and the Hansa-3 , the first nationally built aircraft, was test flown successfully, these promoted the them Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, to declare the day as National Technology Day..

.10 May 1857- The First War of Independence in Indian began.

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ,also described as Sepoy mutiny, Great Rebellion and the First War of Independence, was major uprising in India which began on 10 May 1857 against the rule of the British East India company. It started in Meerut in the form of a mutiny of sepoys , ultimately unsuccessful, the rebellion posed a considerable threat to the British power and the rebellion formally ended in 8 July 1859.

9 May- Victory Day -the end of World War 2nd in 1945.

Victory Day commemorates the victory over Nazi Germany in 1945 .It was first inaugurated in the 15 Republics of the Soviet Union, following the German surrender late in the evening of 8 May 1945.

9 May- birth anniversary of Gopal Krishna Gokhale..

.Gopal Krishna Gokhale , born on 9 May 1866 and died on 19 February 1915,was an Indian political leader,social reformer and senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. He was the founder of the Servants of India Society and the leader of the moderate fraction of the Congress party.

8 May- World Red Cross Day.

Red Cross is an international organization found in 1863 by Henry Dunant , born on 8th May 1828, Geneva, Switzerland. He was awarded the "First Nobel Peace Prize" in 1901.This organization provids assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found.Its motto is "With humanity, towards Peace" .The symbol Red Cross was chosen from the Switzerland's flag.

7 May- birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore .

Rabindranath Tagore , p known by Gurudev , was born on 7 May 1861 in Kolkata. He was a polymath, poet, musician, artist and ayurveda-researcher, who reshaped and modersnised Bengali literature in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his profoundly sensitive verse "Gitanjali" in 1913, the first non-European to receive a Noble Prize. He composed the National Anthem of India - "Jana Gana Mana" in Bengali,and the Constituent Assembly of India adopted it as the National Antham 1950.The formal sendition of it takes approximately 52 seconds.Tagore started santiniketan in 1891 and later in 1920 as the Visua-Bharati . His majour works include-The Post Office, Gora-a novel, Manasi, Sonar Tari, Parishesh... Tagore's compositions were chosen by two other nations for their national antham-Bengladesh's- Anarshonar Bengla, Sri Lanka's-Srilanka Matha..

6 May- birth anniversary of Velu Thampi Dalawa .

Velayudhan Chempakaraman Thampi, known as Velu Thampi , born on 6 May 1765,was the Dalawa(Prime Minister) of the Indian Princely State of Travancore between 1802 and 1809. He is best known for being one of the earliest individuals to rebel against the British East India Company's supermacy . In the aftermath of his attacks with the British, he committed suicide in the Mannadi Temple near Adoor..

5 May- birth anniversary of Karl Marx.

Karl Heinrich Marx ,born on 5 May 1818 and died on 14 March 1883,was a German philosopher, economist and socialist revolutionary. His best-known pamphlets are The Communist Manifesto and the three-volume Das Kapital. His work in economics laid the basis for Labour Unions and Political parties worldwide. Marx has been regarded as one of the most influential figures in human history and architects of modern social science..

4 May- International Firefighters Day.

.International Firefighters Day is observed annually on 4 May to thank the world's firefighters, for that they dedicate their lives to the protection of our life and property. The day was instituted after the tragic death of five firefighters in a bushfire, in Australia, in 1999 .

3 May- World Press Freedom Day.

The UN General Assembly declared May 3 to be World Press Freedom Day or World Press Day to raise awareness of the importance of freedom of the press and remind governments of their duty to respect and uphold the right to freedom of expression enshrined under Article 19 of the the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights..

3 May- birth anniversary of V K Krishna Menon , politician

.Vengalil krishnan Krishna Menon, Popularly known V K Krishna Menon , born on 3rd May 1896, was an Indian diplomat, nationalist and politician. He was the spokesman for India's foreign Policy, architect of the Non-Aligned Movement and headed India's diplomatic mission to the United Kingdom and United Nations. Menon set the record for the longest speech (8 hours) before the UN Security Council defending India's right to the disputed territory of Kashmir. He was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1954.

Eid-al-Fitr (2nd May this year).

.Eid-al-Fitr also called "Festival of Breaking the Fast" is a religious day celebrated by Muslims world wide that makes the end of the month-long dawn-to-sunset fasting of Ramadan. Eid-al-Fits was orginated by the Islamic prophet Muhammed. According to tradition, these festivals were initiated in Medina after the migration of prophet to Mecca . The date varies based on when the new moon is sighted by locality.

2nd May- birth anniversary of Satyajith Ray ,Indian filmmaker.

Satyajit Ray , born on 2 May 1921 and died on 23 April 1992,was an Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, author, calligrapher and music composer,widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of all time . His first film, Pather Panchili (1955 )won eleven international prizes. Ray received many awards in his career including 36 Indian National Film Awards .The Government of India honoured him with the Bharat Ratna in 1992..

1st May- International Worker's Day.

.International Workers Day also known as May Day , is a celebration of labourers and the working class that is promoted by the International Labour movement. The sixth Conference of the Second International held at Amsterdam in l904 , all Social Democratic Party organizations and trade unions of all countries, had chosen the First of May for the legal establishment of the 8-hour day and for universal peace.

First May 1840- The First Postal Stamp - "Penny Black" printed.

The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp issued in the United Kingdom on 1st May 1840 , but was not valid for use until 6th May. The stamp features a profile of young Queen Victoria . Sir Rowland Hill , a refomer of the postal system in England, proposed the stamp to indicate pre-payment of Postage-with Penny Black.The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp issued in the United Kingdom on 1st May 1840 , but was not valid for use until 6th May. The stamp features a profile of young Queen Victoria . Sir Rowland Hill , a reformer of the postal system in England, proposed the stamp to indicate pre-payment of Postage-with Penny Black..

30 April 1993- World Wide Web became available to the public.

.The World Wide Web (www) is an information system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URL) which may be interlinked by hyperlinks and are accessible over the Internet ,became available to the public on 30 April 1993. The resources of the Web are transferred via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

30 April 1945- Adolf Hitler commits suicide..

.Adolf Hitler was a German politician and leader of Nazi Party . He rose to power as the chancellor of Germany in 1933 . During his dictatorship from 1933 to 1945, he initated World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1st September 1939 . The Allies defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II, Hitler Committed suicide on 30th April 1945.

29 April- International Dance Day

.International Dance Day is a global celebration of dance created by the Dance Committee of the International Theatre Institute (ITI), the main partner for the performing arts of UNESCO. The event takes place every year on 29 April, birth anniversary of Jean Georges Noverre- the creator of modern ballet, to encourage participation and education in dance through events and festivals.

29 April- birthday of Andre Agassi , former World No 1 Tennis player.

.Andre Kirk Agassi , born on 29 April 1970, is an American retired professional Tennis Player and former World No.1, eight-times Grand Slam in singles and 1996 Olympic gold medalist.

27 April 1854- The first Telegram sent in India.

.The first Telegram or Taar was sent from Mumbai to Pune on 27 April 1854 . For 160 years, it was the fastest mode of communication in India bringing urgent messages. Since 1850 to 1902,telegrams were sent through cable lines, but in1902,the Indian system went wireless. 15th July 2013 was the last day of Telegram service in India.

25 April- World Malaria Day.

.World Malaria Day is an international observance on 25 April, recognizes global efforts to control malaria. Gobally, 3.3 billion people are at risk of malaria mostly among Africa, Asia, Latin America and Middle East .

25 April- birth anniversary of Marconi , the inventor of Radio..

.Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi , born on 25 April 1874 and died on 20 JuIy 1937 in Italy, was an electrical engineer whose main inventions were - Radio, Wireless telegraphy, Magnetic detector & Monople antenna . He won Nobel Price in Physics in 1909.

.25 April- World Penguin Day.

Every year, the globe celebrates World Penguin Day on 25 April of honoring the unique bird on the planet, the flightless bird. There are 18 species in the penguin family, whose existent is becoming a threat every day..

24 April- National Panchayati Raj Day.

The Panchayathi Raj was intrduced by the 73rd constitutional amendment in 1992. The Panchayath Raj now function as a system of governance in which Grama Panchayaths are the basic units of local administration. The system has three levels: Grama Panchayath (village level), Mandal parishad or Block Samiti (Block level) and Zila Parishad (District level). Currently, the Panchayathi Raj system exist in all states except Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram and in all union Territories..

24 April- birthday of Sachin Tendulkar

.Sachin Tendulkar _born on 24th April 1973 in Mumbai.In the Cricket legend, Sachin Tendulkar is universally regarded as the finest batsman to have ever played the game. His Guinness World Record titles for- Most test matches in a career, Most Centuries scored in International cricket and most runs scored in an international career. He was awarded Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan and Padma shri by India Government.

23 April- World Book Day

World Book and Copyright Day is an annual event organized by the UNESCO to promote reading, publishing and copyright . On this day many famous writers like William Shakespeare, Cervantes, Inca Garcilaso de la Vego and William Wordsworth died and many prominent authors were also born. The first World Book Day was celebrated on 23 April 1995..

23 April- birth anniversary of Pandita Ramabai,founder of Mukti Mission

Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati , born on 23 April 1858 and died on 5 April 1922,was an Indian social reformer. She was the first woman to be awarded the titles of Pandita as a Sanskrit scholar . She was one of the ten women delegates of the Congress session of 1889 .She founded the Mukti Mission ,and was later named Pandita Ramabai Mukti Mission..

22 April- Earth Day ..

.Earth Day is an annual event, for the protection of environment , first held on 22 April 1970. It fight against issues including oil spills, pollution from factories and power plants, raw sewage, toxic dumps, pesticides, the loss of wilderness, air pollution and more.

22 April- birth anniversary of Lenin , the first President of Soviet Russia.

.Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanor, known by Lenin , born on 22 April 1870 and died on 21 January 1924, was a Russian revolutionary and political theorist who served as the first and founding head of goveranment of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924. Under his administration Soviet Union became a one-party socialist state government by the Soviet Communist Party and his communist ideology was known as Leninism.

21 April- Civil Service Day of India.

Civil Service Day of India is observed on 21 April, refer to the career civil servents who are the permanent executive branch of the Republic of India. The civil service system is the backbone of the administrative machinery of the country. Article 311 of the Constitution protects them from politically motivated or vindictive action.

21 April- 96th birth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth Il.

Elizabeth II , born on 21 April 1926, Mayfair in London, England, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth). She ascended the throne on 1952 at the age of 25 years old . She is the longest-lived reigning current monarch and the oldest and longest-serving female head of the State in world history..

20 April 1965- First Indian team reached Mount Everest.

It was on 20 May 1965, for the first time an Indian stepped the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest , after two failed attempts undertaken by the Indian Army. Colonel Avtar Singh Cheema was that first Indian to bring pride to the nation by climbing the Mount Everest.

19 April 1975- Aryabhata ,India's first satellite launched.

.Aryabhata was India's first satellite , named after the famous Indian astronomer, built by ISRO, launched on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, using a Russian rocket . Kosmos-3M was the launch vehicle..

19 April 1526- Emperor Babur's victory in India .A postage stamp of Ozbekiston..

.Zahir-ud-din-Muhammed Babur , the founder and first Mughal Emperor , founded the greatest dynasty in North India by defeating lbrahim Lodi of Lodi Dynasty on 19 April 1526. Babur was a descendant of Timur and Ganghis Khan through his father and mother respectively.

18 April- World Heritage Day.

The World Heritage Day , also known as the International Day for Monuments and sites, was approved by the UNESCO in 1983 to observe April 18 every year. The aim is to promote awareness about the diversity of cultural heritage of humanity, their vulnerability and its protection and conservation.

18 April 1946- International Court of Justice began to work

The International Court of Justice is one the six principal organs of the United Nations began work in 18 April 1946.The seat of the Court is in the Hague, Netherlands ,and its role is to settle legal disputes submitted by state.The Court is composed of 15 judges, elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council for a term of nine years.

18 April- death anniversary of Tatya Tope.

Ram Chandra Pandering known as Tatya Tope , born on 16 February 1814 and died on 18 April 1859, was a general in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and one of the notable leaders, considered as the best and most effective rebalgeneral. He was executed by the British Government at Shivpuri on 18 April 1859.

Easter -(17 April this year).

Easter , also called Resurrection Sunday , is a Christian festival commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, occourred on the third day after his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvery in 30 AD . It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus, preceded by Lent, a 40-day period of fasting, prayer and penance.

17 April- World Hemophilia Day.

World Hemophilia Day is observed on 17 April each year to raise understanding and awareness of the genetic disorder and other bleeding disorders.

17 April- birth anniversary of Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai.

Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai , born on 17 April 1912 and died on 10 April 1999, was an Indian novelist and short story writer of Malayalam literature. He wrote over 30 novels and over 600 short stories , focusing on the lives of the oppressed classes, which includes "Kayar" in 1978 and " Chemmen " in 1956. Thakazhi was a recipient of the Padma Bhushan , the third highest Indian civilian award, and Jnanpith , the highest literary award, in 1984 for the novel "Kayar".

16 April 1853- First Railway line opened in India

On 16 April 1853 the first passanger train with 14 railway carriages , 3 England manufactured locomotives- Sindh, Sultan and Sahib left Bori Bunder , Mumbai at 15:35 hours to Thane, a distance of 34 km , which took an hour and fifteen minutes.

16 April- birth anniversary of Charlie Chaplin.

Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin , born on 16 April 1889 and died on 25 December 1977, was an English comic actor, filmmaker and composer who rose to fame in the ere of silent film. "TheTramp" is considered on of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. His career spanned more than 75 years from the Victorian ere until a year before his death in 1977.

15 April 1912- TITANIC Shipwreck . A 22k Gold Stamp issued by Saint Vincent and The Grenadines in 1998.

The Titanic , the largest ocean liner, sunk in the early morning of 15 April 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean, four days into her maiden voyage from Southamption to New York City with 2224 people. It struck an iceberg at around 23:40 on Sunday, 14 April and sinking 2 hours and forty minutes laterat 02:20 on Monday 15 April resulted in the deaths of more than 1500 people , making it one of the deadliest maritime disasters in history.

14 April- birth anniversary of Dr. BR Ambedkar.

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar , also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar,born on 14 April 1891 and died on 6 Dec 1956, was an Indian economist, politician and social reformer who compaigned agaist social discrimination towards the untouchables. He was British India's Minister of Labour, a member of the Constituent Drafting Committee, first Minister of Law and Justice of independent India and the chief architect of the Constitution of India. India's highest civilian award, Bharat Ratna, was posthumously conferred upon Ambedkar in 1990.

13 April 1919- Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre , also known as the Amritsar Massacre, took place on 13 April Sunday in 1919, when Acting Brigadier- General Reginald Dyre ordered the British Indian Army troops to fire into the crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, killing 379 people and injuring over 1200 people.

12 April- International Day of Human Space Flight.

The International Day of Human Space Flight is the annual celebration, held on 12 April, of the anniversary of the first human space flight by Yuri Gagarin in 1961 , marking one orbit around the Earth over 108 minutes in the Vostok 3KA spacecraft . The day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly at the 65th session on 7 April 2011.

12 April- birth anniversary of Kumaran Asan.

N Kumaran Asan , born on 12 April 1873 and died on 16 January 1924, was an Indian social reformer, philosopher and poet of Malayalam literature. He is known to have initiated a revolution in Malayalam poetry in the first quarter of the 20th century. He is one of the modern triumvirate poets of Kerala and a disciple of Sree Narayana Guru .

11 April- International Labour Organisation was founded.

The International Labour Organisation (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice, founded in 1919 under the League of Nations . It is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN, with 187 member states, headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland .

11 April 1869- birth anniversary of Kasturba Gandhi.

Kasturbai Gokuldas Kapadia, known as Kasturba Gandhi , born on 11 April 1869 and died on 22 February 1944,was an Indian political activist and the wife of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1913, she took part in the protest against the ill-treatment of Indians in South Africa and was arrested. After the return from South Africa in 1914, she take part in the civil actions and protests organized by Gandhi. Kasturba's birthday is observed as the National Safe Motherhood Day.

Palm Sunday - (10 April this year).

Palm Sunday is a Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter and marks the first day of Holy Week . The feast commemorates Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem .

0 April- World Homeopathy Day ,birth anniversary of Dr. Christian Friedrich Hahnemann - the father of Homeopathy.

The World Homeopathy Day is celebrated on 10 April to pay tribute to homeopathy and its contribution to the world of medicine. The day is observed on the birth anniversary of German Physician Dr. Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann, born on 10 April 1755 and died on 2 July 1843, the founder of Homeopathy.

10 April 1875- Arya Samaj was founded.

Arya Samaj is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas.The samaj was founded by the sannyasi Dayanand Saraswati on 10 April 1875 in Bombay.

9 April 1860- Human sound was first recorded.

The oldest recorded human voice is a ten second fragment of the French folk song 'Au Clair de la Lune' .It was recorded on 9 April 1860 by inventor Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville of France. Sound recording is the storage of sound on recording media such as gramophone, cassette tapes,compact discs or computer hard drives and playing it back.

8 April- death anniversary of Mangal Pandey ,

Mangal Pandey , born on 19 July 1827 and died on 8 April 1857,was an Indian soldier who played a key part in the outbreak of the Indian rebellion of 1857 . He was arrested and sentenced to death after he attacked British officers in Barrackpore on March 29,1857. He was hanged to death on 8 April 1857 by the British authorities.

7 April- World Health Day . A Libyan postage stamp.

In 1948 the World Health Organization (WHO) held the first World Health Assembly and decided to celebrate 7 April of each year, with effect from 1950 , as the world Health Day . It is held to draw worldwide attention to the importance of global health.

7 April- birth anniversary of Prem Nazir .

Prem Nazir (Abdul Khader)born on 7 April 1927 and died on 16 January 1989, was an Indian film actor, widely regarded as one of the most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema. Nazir is often referred to as Nithyaharitha Nayakan (Evergreen Hero),began his career with the 1952 film Marumakal . Nazir holds two Guinness World Records :playing the lead role in a record of 520 films and for playing opposite the same heroine in 130 films (with Sheela) .The Government of India honoured him the Padma Bhushan.

6 April 1896- The First Modern Olympic Games held .

The Olympic Games are the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating , held in every four years . The ancient Olympic Games held in Olympia, Greece from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD was banned by the Roman emperor Theodosius-I. The First Modern Olympic Games was held, after 1500 Years, on 6 April 1896 in the Panthenaic Stadium of Athens, Greece under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) brought together 14 nations and 241 athlets who competed in 43 events.

6 April 1909- Robert E Peary ,the first man to reach North Pole

The North Pole is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface . The conquest of the North Pole was credited to US Navy engineer Robert E Peary who reached the pole on 6 April 1909, accompanied by Matthew Henson and four other men.

5 April ,National Maritime Day.

5 April is celebrated as National Maritime Day in India to commemorate India's first ship journey to United Kingdom on the same day in 1919 , by the first ship of the Scindia Steam Navigation Company Ltd, when sea routes were controlled by the British.

4 April- birth anniversary of Makhanlal Chaturvedi ,the first Sahitya Academy Award winner in Hindi.

Pandit Makhanlal Chaturvedi also called Pandit ji , born on 4 April 1889 and died on 30 January 1968, was an Indian poet, writer, essayist, playwriter and a journalist. He was awarded the first Sahitya Academy Award in Hindi for his work- Him Tarangii in 1955.The Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan in 1963.

3 April- birth anniversary of Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw.

Sam Manekshaw , born on 3 April and died on 27 June 2008, was the Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 , and the first Indian Army officer to be promoted to the rank of Field Marshal. His military career spanned four decades and five wars, beginning with service in the British Indian Army in World War II. He was awarded Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India.

2 April- World Autism Awareness Day.

World Autism Awareness Day is an internationally recognized day on 2 April every year by the UN to take measures to raise awareness about people with autistic spectrum disorders including autism and Asperger syndrome throughout the world.

1 April- April Fool Day .

April Fools Day is an annual custom on April 1, of practical jockes and hoaxes often expose their action by shouting "April Fools" at the recipient.

1 April 1935- Reserve Bank of India formed....Reserve Bank of india- 10 Rupees (1938) the first year of banknote issue..

The Reserve Bank of India was founded on 1 April 1935 to respond to economic troubles after the First World War.RBI is India's central bank and regulatory body, responsible for the issue and supply of the Indian rupee .RBI was established in Kolkata but moved to Mumbai in 1937 .The seal of RBI is the sketch of the Lion and Palm Tree, taken from the Double Mohur of the East India Company..

31 March 1889- Eiffel Tower inaugurated.

The tallest man-made structure, 324 metre, a wrought iron technological masterpiece, the Eiffel Tower in Paris ,was inaugurated on 31 March 1889 to commemorate the centenary of the French Revolution . It is one of the most recognisable structures in the world and the most visited paid monument in the world, named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel.

30 March 1867- USA purchased Alaska from Russia.

Alaska (1,518,800 sq. km) was purchsed by United States from Russia on 30 March 1867 for a price of $7.2 million dollars (2 cents per acre). The treaty was signed by Secretary of States William Seward and Russian Minister to the United States Edouard de Stoeck.

30 March 1949 - Rajasthan State formed.

Rajasthan , the land of Kings, is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population, comprises the Great Indian Desert- Thar Desert . The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when it was merged into the Dominion of India. Its capital and largest city is Jaipur ..

March 28, birth anniversary of Maxim Gorky, Russian writer

Alexei Maximovich Peshkov- popularly known as Maxim Gorky, born on 28 March 1868 and died on 18 June 1936, was a Russian writer and politicial activist. He was nominated five times for the Noble Prize in Literature. He was active in the emerging Marxist communist movement and publicly opposed the Tsarist regime with Lenin and was officially declared the "founder of Socialist Realism"..

27 March- birth anniversary of W C Rontgen ,inventor of X-rays .

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen ,born on 27 March 1845 and died on 10 February 1923, was a German mechanical engineer and physicist who, on 8 November 1895 produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays . He won the Noble Prize for Physics in 1901 .The element 111, roentgenium , a radioactive element with multiple unstable isotopes, was named after him and the unit of measurement roentgen was also named after him.

27 March- World Theatre Day.

World Theatre Day was initiated in 1962 by the International Theatre Institute and it is celebrated annually on 27 March by theatre professionals, theatre lovers, universities and schools. One of the most important message of this day is to promote a culture of peace through this art-form and promote its potential for the economic growth..

26 March 1971,the declaration of independence of Bengladesh from Pakistan

The declaration of independence of Bengladesh from Pakistan was on 26 March 1971 by the leader of the Nation Sheikh Mujibur Rahman .

March 25, International Day of the Unborn Child

International Day of the Unborn Child is observed on March 25. It was established by Pope John Paul-ll as a positive option in favour of life and the spread of a culture for life to guarantee respect of human dignity. In 1993 -El Salvador became the first nation to celebrate officially a Day of the Right to Be Born.

24 March- World Tuberculosis Day.

.Each year we recognize World TB Day on March 24 ,as it commemorates the date in 1882 when Dr. Robert Koch discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes TB . World TB day educate the public about the impact of TB around the world and to prevent, control and raise awareness of the challenges that hinder the elimination of this devastating disease.

24 March- birth anniversary of Muthuswami Dikshitar , legendary composer of Indian Classical Music.

Muthuswami Dikshitar , born on 24 March 1775 and died on 21 October 1835, was a South Indian poet, singer and veena player and a legendary composer of Indian classical music. He is also known by his signature name Guruguha . Around 500 of his composition s are commonly noted for their poetic description of Hindu gods and temples , for capturing the essence of the raga forms through the Veena ..

23 March- Martyrs' Day .

Martyrs' Day is also commemorated on 23 March to pay homage to freedom fighters Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar. On this day in 1931, these three courageous revolutionaries were hung by the British. The trio was hung for assassinating British officer John Saunders in 1928.

.23 March- World Meteorological Day.

World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) ,an organization of the United Nations, was created on 23 March 1950 . It began operations in 1951 to coordinate member nation in the field of meteorology,operational hydrology and Earth sciences for the security of their population. The first World Meteorological Day was held on 23 March 1961..

22 March 1945- formation of Arab League..

The Arab League or League of Arab States is a regional organization in the Arab world which is located in Africa and Western Asia. It was formed on 22 March 1945, headquarters at Cairo, Egypt with official language Arabic, with six members and at present with 22members..

22 March- Bhagat Singh martyr day..

Bhagat Singh was an Indian socialist revolutionary whose two acts of violence against the British in India,Ied him to the execution by hanging at the age of 23 on 23 March 1931 , made him a folk hero of the Indian Independence movement..

21 March- Vernal Equinox.

Ustad Bismillah Khan , born on 21 March 1916 and died on 21 August 2006, was an Indian muscian credited with 'Shehnai' a wind instrument , elevating its status and bringing it in the concert stage. He was awarded India's highest civillian honour, the Bharat Ratna in 2001 , becoming the third classical musician after M S Subbalakshmi and Ravi Sankar. He received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1956, Padma Shri in 1961, Padma Bhushan in 1968 and Padma Vibhushan in 1980..

21 March- birth anniversary of Ustad Bismillah Khan , classical musician.

.Ustad Bismillah Khan , born on 21 March 1916 and died on 21 August 2006, was an Indian muscian credited with 'Shehnai' a wind instrument , elevating its status and bringing it in the concert stage. He was awarded India's highest civillian honour, the Bharat Ratna in 2001 , becoming the third classical musician after M S Subbalakshmi and Ravi Sankar. He received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1956, Padma Shri in 1961, Padma Bhushan in 1968 and Padma Vibhushan in 1980.

March 20, International Day of Happiness

International Day of Happiness is celebrated on 20 March, since 2013 by the United Nations , to recognize the importance in the lives of people around the world. In 2015 the UN launched 17 Sustainable Development Goals- to end poverty, reduce inequality and protect our planet, that Iead to the well-being and happiness of an individual..

March 18,Indian Ordnance Factories Day

The backbone of India's Defence production is Indian Ordnance Factories , commenced on 18 March 1802, is a Government agency under Ministery of Defence . Its headquarters is, Ayudh Bhavan, Kolkata, Produces varity of weapons for our Army, Navy and Air Forces. Every year 18 March is celebrated as the Ordnance Factory Day in India..

17 March- birth anniversary of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ,"the father of Bangladesh".

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , born on 17 March 1920 and assassinated on 15 August 1975, was a Bengladeshi Politician and statesman, called as 'the father of Bengladesh' . He served as the first President of Bengladesh and later as the Prime Minister until his assassination in 1975. He was the driving force for the independence of Bengladesh , formerly known as East Pakistan , from Pakistan in 1971..

16 March- birth anniversary of Potti Sriramulu , martyr for the formation of the State Andhra Pradesh .

Potti Sriramulu , born on 16 March 1901 and died on 15 December 1952, was an Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary and he revered as Amarajeevi (Immortal Being)in the Andhra region for his self-sacrifice for the Andhra Pradesh. He became famous for undertaking a hunger strike for 58 days in support of having separate state for Telugu-speaking state ,and became a martyr in the process. His struggles led to the formation of the separate Telugu-speaking state called Andhra Pradesh.

March 15 .World Consumer Rights Day is observed every year

.World Consumer Rights Day is observed every year on 15th March all over the world, expressing solidarity with the International Consumer movement and promoting the basic rights of all consumers. It commemorates a historic declaration of consumer rights made by former US President John F Kennedy on 15th March 1962 and it was first observed on 15th March 1983 by Consumers International.

14 March- birth anniversary of Albert Einstein.

Pi Day is an annual celebration of the mathematical constant- π (pi) . Pi Day is observed on March 14 (3/14 in the month/day format) since 3,1 and 4, are the first three significant digits of it. The first calculation of pi was done by Archimedes of Syracuse , known as the ' father of Mathematics ',(287 BC-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician, calculated the area of a circle with the use of Pythagorean Theorem..

13 March- National Jewel Day.

National Jewel Day is observed on March 13th of each year to recognizes the makers and the jewelers and to appreciate the artisans who make the special pieces shine..

13 March- death anniversary of Mahakavi Vallathol Narayana Menon.

Mahakavi Vallathol Narayana Menon , born on 16 October 1878 and died on 13 March 1958, was a poet in the Malayalam language who wrote against caste restriction, tyrannies and orthodoxies. He founded the Kerala Kalamandalam and is credited with revistalising the traditional Keralite dance form Kathakali. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1954.

12 March 1930- Dandi March started.

.The Salt Satyagraha, Dendi March, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India Ied by Mahatma Gandhi. A twenty four day march lasted from 12 March 1930 to 5 April with 78 of his trusted volunteers spanned 390 km from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi sea shore in Gujarat and broke the British Raj salt laws.

12 March 1945- Sahitya Akademi was founded.

.Sahitya Academy is a national organisation created on 12 March 1954 for the promotion of Literature in all Indian languages and the award is one of the most prestigious awards in Indian literature along with the Gyanpeeth award.

10 March- birth anniversary of Udupi Ramachandra Rao, Indian Space Scientist .A special cover issued on 10-03-2018.

Udupi Ramachandra Rao , born on 10 March 1932 and died on 24 July 2017, was an Indian space scientist and chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). He was also the Chairman of the Governing Council of the Physical Research Laboratory at Ahmadabad and Nehru Planetarium at Bangaluru and Chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) at Thiruvananthapuram. Rao was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1976 and Padma Vibhushan in 2017 by the Government of India.

9 March- birth anniversary of Yuri Gagarin , the first human in Space.

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin , born on 9 March 1934 and died on 27 March 1968, was a Soviet Air Force pilot and Cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space in Vostok 1 , achieving a major milestone in the Space Race.

8 March- International Women's Day

International Women's Day is observed every year on 8 March in order to create awareness about women's issues. It was first celebrated by UN in 1975 , to acknowledge the contribution of women to the strengthening of international peace and security.

6 March- birthday of Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space.

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova , born on 6 March 1937 in Russia , is a member of Russian State Duma, engineer and former cosmonaut. She was the first and youngest woman to have flown in space , with a solo mission on the Vostok-6, on 16 June 1963 and orbited the Earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space . She remains the only woman to have been on a solo space mission .

5 March 1851- Geological Survey of India was established.

Geological Survey of India (GSI) is a government organisation associated with the Ministery of Mines of Union Government of India, established in Calcutta on 5 March 1851 . It is one of the oldest organisation in India which conducts geologicI survays and studies, responsive participant in the international geoscience fora, coal, steel, metals, power and cement industries and has office in all States of the country.

.4 March 1951- the first Asian Games was opened in New Delhi .

The 1951 Asian Games , officially known as the First Asian Games ( First Asiad ), was a multi-sport event celebrated in New Delhi , India - the first host city of Asiad , from 4 to 11 March 1951. A total of 489 athletes representing 11 Asian Nations participated in 57 events and the ceremony was officially opened by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India

.3rd March- birth anniversary of Alexander Graham Bell , the inventor of Telephone.

March 3- World Wildlife Day.

United Nations General Assembly decided to proclaim 3 March as World Wildlife Day in 2013 , to raise awareness of endangered species and protect the world's wild fauna and flora. It is observed by all UN member SatesThe World Health Organization (WHO) observes 3 March each year from 2007 as World Hearing Day ,to raise awareness on how to prevent deafness and hearing loss and promote ear and hearing care across the world. Before 2016, this day was known by International Ear Care Day.

2nd March- birthday of Mikhail Gorbachev , former president of Soviet Union.

Mikhail Gorbachev , born on 2 March 1931 in Russian Ukrain , was the general secretary of the Communist Party of Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 and the president of Soviet Union in 1990-91 . His efforts to democratize his country's political system and decentralize its economy led to the downfall of communism and the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership role in ending the Cold War and promoting peaceful international relations.

1st March- International Civil Defence Day.

International Civil Defence Day or World Civil Defence Day is observed on 1 March yearly, to protect the citizen of the nations generally from military attacks and natural disasters. During 1930s, the threat of war, nuclear weapons and strategic bombing realized the prevention, response or emergency evacuation and recovery programs to protect the citizens.

1st March (this year) Maha Shivratri.

.Maha Shivratri ,literally means the great night of Shiva,is a Hindu festival celebrated every year in reverence of Lord Shiva. It falls on a moonless February night, and the Hindus offer special prayer to the mighty Lord of Moksha. It is the night when Shiva is said to have performed the Tandava Nach or the dance of primordial creation, preservation and destruction.

28 February- National Science Day.

National Science Day is celebrated in India on 28 February each year to mark the discovery of the 'Raman effect' by Indian physicist Sir C V Raman on 28 February 1928 . He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery.

27 February- World NGO Day..

World NGO Day is an international day dedicated to recognize, celebrate and honor all non-governmental and non-profit organization that contribute to the society all year around. It was first inaugurated internationally on 27 February 2014 .It highlight the efforts and achievements, share their knowledge and experience with the society at local, national and international level.

26 February- birth anniversary of Sir B N Rao ,the first Indian Judge at the International Court of Justice.

Sir Benegal Narsing Rao , shortly called B N Rao , born on 26 February 1887 and died on 30 November 1953, was an Indian civil Servent, diplomat and statesman from Bangalore. He played a key role in drafting the Constitution of Burma (Myanmar) in 1947 and India in 1950. For a brief period he served as the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir State from 1944 to 1945. He was also India's representative to the United Nations Security Council from 1950 to 1952 and after that he served as the first Indian Judge at the International Court of Justice till his death in 1953.

25 February- birth anniversary of Ravishankar Maharaj ,the founder of Rashtriya Shala(National School).

Ravishankar Maharaj , born on 25 February 1884 and died on 1 July 1984, was one of the earliest and closest associate of Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel and joined in the independence and social activism in 1921. He founded the Rashtriya Shala (National School) in 1920. He participated in the Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928 and Salt March with Gandhiji is 1930 and inprisoned for two years. Ravishinkar also participated in the Quit India Movement in 1942 and tried to pacify communal violence in Ahmedabad. After independence he joined with Vinoba Bhave in Bhoodan Movement and travelled 6000 kilometres between 1955 and 1958. Ravishankar Maharaj inaugurated Gujarat State when it was created in 1 May 1960.

24 February- Central Excise Day..

Central Excise Day is being celebrated to honour the service of Central Board of Excise and Custom (CBEC) and to encourage the excise department to carry out the duty in better way and to prevent corruption in goods manufacturing. The day is also celebrated to commemorate the Central Excise and Salt act, which was enacted on 24 February 1944.

.23 February 1947- International Organization of Standardization (ISO) founded.

International Organization of Standardization (ISO), founded on 23 February 1947, promotes worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial standards .Its headquarters is at Geneva in Switzerland and works in 165 countries. It is one of the first Organization granted general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.

22 February- birth anniversary of George Washington , the first president of USA..

George Washington , born on 22 February 1732 and died on 14 December 1799, was an American political leader, military general and Founding Father who served as the first president of United States from 1789 to 1797 . He presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the US constitution and a federal government and has been called the "Father of United States of America".

21 February- International Mother Language Day..

International Mother Language Day is observed on every 21 February to promote awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and protect all languages used by people of the world. It is estimated that, due to globalization processes, 43% out of 7000 spoken languages in the world are endangered . The day is taken by the UNESCO to honour those Bengladeshi martyrs who fought for the recognition for Bengla language in 21 February 1952, when Pakistan's advocation of Urdu as the sole National language.

21 February- birth anniversary of Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar , "father of research laboratories"..

Shri Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar , known as the "father of research laboratories" in India, born on 21 February 1894 and died on 1 January 1955, was a chemist and acadamic and scientific administrator. He was also the first chairman of the University Grants Commission (UGC).

20 February- World Day of Social Justice , emblem

A postage stamp related on Social Justice...World Day of Social Justice is an international day recognizing the need to promote Social Justice, which includes efforts to tackle issues such as poverty, exculusion, gender equality, unemployment, human rights and social protection . The United Nations General Assembly has decided to observe 20 February annually as the World Day of Social Justice from 2009. The UN, International Labour Organization (ILO), American Library Association (ALA) and many other organizations focuses on guaranteeing fair outcomes for all through employment, social protection and fundamental principles and rights.

19 February- birth anniversary of Chhatrapati Shivaji .

Shivaji Bhonsale , born on 19 February 1630 and died on 3 April 1680, was an Indian ruler and a members of the Bhonsale Maratha Empire , crowned as the Chhatrapati (emperor) of Raigad. He engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, Sultanate of Golkanda and Sultanate of Bijapur and established a competent and prograssive rule with well-structured administrative organisations. He revived ancient Hindu political tradition and promoted the usage of Marathi language.

18 February- birth anniversary of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa.

Sri Ramakrishna Paramahanisa , born on 18 February 1836 in Bengal and died on 16 August 1886, was an Indian saint and religions leader in 19th century . He was influenced by several religious traditions, Bhakti and Advaita Vedantas. His chief disciple, Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission to provide charity, social work and education.

18 February- birth anniversary of Alessandro Volta ,inventor of Electric Battery .

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta , born on 18 February 1745 and died on 5 March 1827, was an Italian physicist, chemist and poineer of electricity and power . He is credited as the inventor of the electric battery , by which he proved that electricity could be generated chemically. It led others to experiment and led to the development in the field of electrochemistry.

17 February 1550- Alonso de Albuquerque conquered the city of Goa.

Portrait of Afonso de Albuquerque in the India Portuguese currency of 1959.Afonso de Albuquerque , born in 1453 in Lisbon and died on 15 December 1515 at Goa offshore in Arabian Sea India, was a Portuguese general and admiral who saved as Governer of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515. He expanded Portuguese influence across Indian Ocean and captured the city of Goa on 17 February 1510, which was not among the citiees he had received orders to conquer.

17 February 1550- Alonso de Albuquerque conquered the city of Goa.

Portrait of Afonso de Albuquerque in the India Portuguese currency of 1959.Afonso de Albuquerque , born in 1453 in Lisbon and died on 15 December 1515 at Goa offshore in Arabian Sea India, was a Portuguese general and admiral who saved as Governer of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515. He expanded Portuguese influence across Indian Ocean and captured the city of Goa on 17 February 1510, which was not among the citiees he had received orders to conquer.

15 February- birth anniversary of Galileo Galilei , father of Observational Astronomy.

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei known as Galileo Galilei , born on 15 February 1564 and died on 8 January 1642, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer known for Analytical dynamics, Heliocentrism and Observational Astronomy. He has been called as the "father of observational astronomy".

Valentine's Day ,also called Saint Valentine's Day , is celebrated annually on 14 February.

It orginated as a minor Western Christian martyr named Saint Valentine and through later folk tradition, it become a significant cultural, religious and commercial celebration of romance and romantic love in many regions of the world... Zahir-ud-din Muhammed Babur , known by Emperor Babur- born on 14 February 1483 and died on 26 December 1530, was the founder and the first Mughal Empiror in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively.

13 February 1931- New Delhi became the capital of India.

New Delhi , had its foundation stone laid by George V , the then Emperor of India in the Delhi Durbar in 1911. The city's architecture and planning were done by two British architects, Sir Herbert Baker and Sir Edwin Lutyens . It was on 13 February 1931 that Lord Irwin, India's Viceroy ,inagurated New Delhi as the new capital of the country. Before New Delhi, Kolkata had the privilege of being the country's capital till 1911 .Delhi had been the political centre of many earlier empires, the Delhi Sultanate as well as the Mughals, with the coming of the British through the eastern coast, they made Kolkata the main centre of administration of the British Indian Empire.Naidu's poetry includes serious themes of Patriotism, romance and tragedy. The Golden Threshold in the Bazaars of Hyderabad, The Bird of Time, The Brocken Wing, The Sceptred Flute are some of her famous works. Her work as a poet earned her the sobriquet "the Nightingale of India" or "Bharat Kokila" by Mahatma Gandhi because of the lyrical quality of her poetry.

13 February- birth anniversary of Sarojini Nadu,"the Nightingale of India"

Sarojini Naidu , born on 13 February 1874 and died on 2 March 1949, was an importent figure in India's freedom struggle, poet and a follower of Mahatma Gandhi's idea of Swaraj. She was the president of the Indian National Congress in 1925 and later became the Governer of the United provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) in 1947 , the first woman to hold the office of Governer in the Dominion of India. She faced repeated arrest in participating in Salt March, Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi and spent over 21 months in jail.

12 February- birth anniversary of Abraham Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln , born on 12 February and assassinated on 15 April 1865, served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in1865. He led the nation through the American Civil War , the country's greatest moral, constitutional and political crisis. Lincoln's Gettysburg address on 19 Novembers I863, with democratic idea of a "Government of the people, by the People, for the people" reveal the equal rights and equality of opportunity to all. He succded in preserving the Union, abolishing Slavery, bolstering the federal government and modernizing the US economy.

12 February- Darwin Day , birth anniversary of Charles Darwin.

Charles Robert Darwin ,born on 12 February 1809 and died on 19 April 1882, was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his "Evolution Biology".His proposition that all species of life have descended from common ancestors is now widely accepted and considered a fundamental concept in science

11 February- birth anniversary of Thomas Alva Edison..

Thomas Alva Edison , born on 11 February 1847 and died on 18 October 1931, was America's greatest inventor who developed many devices in the field of electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording and motion pictures, phonograph, the motion pictures Camera and the early version of electric light bulb. He established the first industrial research laboratory and the first to apply the principles of organized science and team work to the process of invention.

8 February- birth anniversary of Sir Jagjit Singh, "The Ghazal King"..

Jagjit Singh , born on 8 February 1941 and died on 10 October 2011, popularly known as "The Ghazal King" was an Indian composer and singer in many languages. He is credited for the revival and popularity of ghazal, an Indian classical art form, with a career spanning five decades. Jagjit was awarded the Sahitya Academy Award in 1998 and Padma Bhushan in 2003 by the government of India.

7 February- birth anniversary of Charles Dickens...

Charles John Huffam Dickens , born on 7 February 1812 in United Kingdom and died on 9 June 1870, was an English writer and social critic, regarded as the greatest novelist of Victorian ere . He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and his notable works include- The Pickwik Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities and Great Expectations.

.Stay at Home, Stay Safe.

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan ,born on 6 February 1890 and died on 20 January 1988, was an Indian freedom fighter, political and spiritual leader, known for his nonviolence. He was a close friend of Mahatma Gandhi, advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity. In 1929, he founded the Khudai Khidmatgar - an anti colonial nonviolent resistance Movement. Khan was nicknamed Sarhadi Gandhi in Hindi meaning "Frontier Gandhi".He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1987.

4 February- World Cancer Day.

Every year 4th February is observed by the United Nations as World Cancer Day all over the world to raise awareness of this deadly disease and to encourage its prevention, detection and treatment. Cancer in all forms is causing about 12 percent of deaths throughout the world. It is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body. One of the global movement is"No Hair Selfie" to have, hairticipants, shave their heads to show a symbol of courage for those undergoing cancer treatment.

.4 February- Independence day of Sri Lanka.

The National Day, also known as Independence Day, of Sri Lanka is celebrated annually on 4 February to commemorate the country's independence from British rule in 1948. In 1972, the country became a republic within the Commonwealth and its name was changed from Ceylon to Sri Lanka.

3rd February 1925- First Electric Train service of India was inaugurated.

The first electric train,"Deccan Queen" ,service was inagurated on 3 February 1925 between Bombay Victoria Terminal and Kurla Harbour. The station Bomby VT was named from 1988, formerly known as Bori Bunder.

2nd February 1949- Press Trust of India (PTI) was established..

Press Trust of India also known as PTI is the largest news agency in India, a nonprofit news agency cooperatively owned by Indian newspapers, began operating in 2 February 1949. It provides news coverage and information in both English and Hindi, include subscribers- The Hindu, Times of India and many other newspapers, the All India Radio and Doordarshan. It is the only news agency in South Asia which operates its own Communication Satellite, an INSAT, to broadcast.

.1st February- Indian Coast Guard Day. Miniature sheet issued in its 30th anniversary.

Indian Coast Guard is a Maritime Law Enforcement and Search of Rescue agency ,with jurisdiction over the territorial waters of India. It was established on 1 February 1977 under the Ministary of Defence, works in close cooperation with the Indian Navy, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Revenue (Customs) and the Central and State police forces.

1st February- death anniversary of Kalpana Chawla , first woman of Indian origin to go to space.

Kalpana Chawla , born on 17 March 1962 in Haryana in India , became a citizen of United States in 1991 and an American astronaut. Her first flew on Space Shuttle Columbia was in 1997 as a robotic arm operator. Chawla's second flew with seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in 2003. She was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor and several universities and institutions have been named in her honor. She is regarded as a national hero in India.

31 January- birth anniversary of Major Somnath Sharma ,first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra.

Major Somnath Sharma ,born on 31 January 1923 and died on 3 November 1947,was an officer of the Indian Army. Fighting in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948, he was martyred at the age of 24,in action on 3 November 1947 while repulsing Pakistani infiltrators near Srinagar Airport. For his gallantry and sacrifice during the battle, he was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra and was the first recipient.

30 January- National Marty's Day, Mahatma Gandhi's death anniversary.

30 January is the date observed as the National Martyr's Day as it makes the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi , "Father of our Nation", in 1948. A two-minute silance is observed throughout the country at 11am. On this day the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, the Defence Minister and the three Service Chiefs gather at the samadhi at Raj Ghat , lay wreaths and pay tribute to our Mahatmaji.There are six days declared as Martyr's Day in India , in honour of those who are recognised as martyrs for the nation. * 30 January -Mahatma Gandhi 1948 * 23 March -Death of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapur and Shivaram Rajgguru in 1931. *19 May -Bengali Language Movement against the decision of the Government of Assam to make Assames the only official language of the State in 1961 in which 15 people were killed by the State Police. * 21 October -Police Master's Day - in 1959, Central Reserve Police Force patrol at the Indo-Tibetan border in Ladakh was ambushed by Chinese forces. *17 November -Deth of Lala Lajpat Rai, the Lion of Punjab, fought for freedom from the British Raj died in 1928. *19 November -Birth day of Rani Lekshmibai, queen of the Maratha Princely state of Jhansi, and those who gave lives in the rebellion of 1857.

Last Sunday of January- World Leprosy Day .

World Leprosy Day is observed internationally every year on the last Sunday of January, established in 1954 , to increase the public awareness of Leprosy or Hansen's Disease. It is one of the oldest recorded disease in the world , which effect the nervous system, the hand, feet and face. This date was chosen as a tribute to the life of Mahatma Gandhi who had compassion for people afflicted with leprosy.

28 January- birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai

Lala Lajpat Rai , born on 28 January 1865 and died on 17 November 1928,popularly known as "Punjab Kesari" was an Indian independence activist who played a pivotal role in the Independence movement, Hindu reform movement and Arya Samaj. He was one of the three Lal Bal Pal triumvirate, inspired young men with the spirit of patriotism through his writings. Lajpat Rai was elected President of the Indian National Congress in the calcutta special session in 1920.Lajpat Rai founded the Servants of the People Society in 1921 and he was also associated with activities of Punjab National Bank and Lekshmi Insurance Company, ( later merged with the Life Insurance Corporation of India in 1956) in their early stages in 1894. In 1928, he led the boycot of British government's Simon Commission vist at Lahore with the slogan "Simon go back" and carried black flags. The police lathi charged and he was extremely injured, he addsessed the crowd and said ,"I declare that the blows struck at me today will be the last nails in the coffin of British rule in India".

27 January- International Holocaust Remembrance Day

International Holocaust Remembrance Day commemorats the tragedy of the Holocaust that occoured during the Second World War, the genocide that resulted in the deaths of 6 million Jews and 11 million others by the Nazi regime . The UN General Assembly marked the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi Concentration camps and the end of Holocaust in 2005 and to commemorate it on 27 January each year.

26 January- Republic Day of India

Republic Day honours the date on which the Constitution of India came into effect , on 26 January 1950, replacing the Government of India Act of 1935. The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 but 26 January was chosen as the date of Republic day because it was on this day in 1929 when the Declaration of Indian Independence (Purna Swaraj) was proclaimed by the Indian National Congress.The Constitution Drafting Committee , set up on 29 August 1947, with Dr. BR Ambedkar as its chairman , drafted it within 2 years 11 months and 17 days . The Constitution of India draws its guidelines from different nations, but it is unique in the feature of its rigidity and flexibility, rights and duties, centre and state, with 395 articles, 22 parts, 12 shedules and 100 amendments (till 28 May 2015). It is one of the lengthiest written constitution of the world , with its foundation in the four pillars of democracy: the Parliament (legislative), the Cabinet (executive), the Courts ( judiciary) and the Press (transparency and freedom of speech).A little more about our Constitution * The original copy of our constitution is kept in a special helium-filled case in the Parliament Museum. *World's longest Constitution, having 90000 words, hand-written in both Hindi and English, and is also one having images. *The calligraphy of this handwritten book is credited to Prem Behari Narain Raizada. *The images (Twenty-two) in the orginal mannscript of the Constitution were hand-drawn and illustrated by Nandalal Bose, that depicted the journey of India and her heritages through the ages.

National voters day

In India, an Election Commission was established ,on 25th January 1950 , as an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes. The Government is" of the people, by the People, for the people" thats we elect our representative to execute our duty in the function of the democracy or the governance of the nation. In order to encourage more young voters to take part in the political process and to exercise their franchise,the Government of India has decided in 2011 to celebrate January 25 every year as National Voter's Day.

24 January- National Girl Child Day .

The National Girl Child Day is celebrated in India every year on 24 January, by the Ministry of Women and Child Development and the Government of India from 2008, with the purpose to spread awareness among people about all the inequalities girls face in Indian society. The day is celebrated by organizing various programs including awareness compaigns on Save the girl child, child sex ratios and creating a healthy and safe environment for a girl child.

23 January- birth anniversary of Subhash Chandra Bose.

Subhash Chandra Bose , born on 23 January 1897 and died on 18 August 1945, was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India. He was brilliant in his academic studies and at the age of 23, he was ranked fourth in the Civil Service Open Competitive Examination in London , but he threw away the chance and entered the stormy arena of liberation of the motherland. His words about the reason for this act- "National and spiritual aspirations are not compatible with obedience to Civil Service conditions".Bose rose to become Congress President twice , in 1938 and 1939, but ousted from Congress leadership position following difference with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command. He inspired the youth by his slogan "Give me blood and I will give you freedom". He was placed under house arrest by the British but escaped from India in 1940 and arrived in Germany in April 1941. He set up Free India Centre and Free India Radio in Germany with German fund . With Japanese support, Bose revamped the Indian National Army (INA), formed a Provisional Government of Free India in the Japanese-occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands. On 30 December 1943 Netaji hosted the Tricolour Flag for the first time in the Cellular Jail in Port Blair in Andaman & Nicobar with the popular Indian slogan " Jai Hind". In 1944 the British Indian Army driven down the INA, Bose decided not to surrenders, but to escape to Soviet Union and on his way he died when his plane crashed in Taiwan.

22 January- birth anniversary of Roshan Singh ,Indian revolutionary.(Special Cover issued in 2018)

Shahed Roshan Singh , born on 22 January 1892 and died on 19 December 1927,was an Indian revolutionary. He was sentenced in the Bareilly shooting case during the Non Cooperation Movement of 1921-22.After his release from the jail,he joined the Hindustan Republican Association in 1924. Although he had not taken part in the Kakori Conspiracy, he was sentenced to death along with Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan and Rajendra Lahiri .

.21 January- birth anniversary of Vaikom Muhammad Basher.

Vaikom Muhammad Basheer , born on 21 January 1908 and died on 5 July 1994,also known as Beypore Sulthan was an Indian independence activist and writer of Malayalam literature. His notable works include _Balyakalasakhi, Shabdangal, Pathummayude Aadu, Mathilukal, Ntuppuppakkoranendarnnu,Janmadinam and Anargha Nimisham_ and the translation of his works into other languages have earned him worldwide acclaim. He was awarded Padma Shri in 1982 and was also a recipient of the Sahitya Academy Fellowship, Kerala Sahitya Academy Fellowship, and Kerala State Film Award for Best Story.

20 January 1957- India's first Nuclear Reactor Apsara was inaugurated..

India's and Asia's first nuclear reactor named Apsara was dedicated to the nation by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 20 January 1957.It was designed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) and with assistance from the United Kingdom , which also provided the initial fuel supply consisting of 80 percent enriched uranium.

19 January- birth anniversary of James Watt , the inventor of Steam engine..

James Watt , born on 19 January 1736 and died on 25 August 1819,was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer and chemist who improved steam engine in 1776,which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.

19 January- birth anniversary of James Watt , the inventor of Steam engine..

James Watt , born on 19 January 1736 and died on 25 August 1819,was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer and chemist who improved steam engine in 1776,which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.

18 January- death anniversary of N T Rama Rao.

Nadamuri Taraka Rama Rao , born on 28 May 1923 and died on 18 January 1996, popularly known as NTR was an Indian actor, producer, director and politician who served as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh for seven years over three terms. He won National Film Awards three times -in 1954, 1960 and 1968, Rashtrapati Awards two times-in 1954 and 1963 and Padma Shri in 1968.

17 January- birth anniversary of Muhammad Ali ,the greatest heavyweight boxer of all time.

Muhammad Ali , born on 17 January 1942 and died on 3 June 2016, was an American professional boxer. He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century,and is frequently ranked as the greatest heavyweight boxer of all time .He won six Kentucky Golden Glove titles, two national Golden Glove titles and a Gold medal in the 1960 Olympics. In 1999, he was named Sportsman of the Century.

16 January 1761- The British captured Pondicherry from French .

The French who came to Pondicherry in 1673 AD ruled till 1954. Pondicherry was given by SherKhan Lodi to the French for the textile business as well as for foreign ships, to set up a colony for roughly twenty months. On 16 January 1761, the British captured Pondicherry from the French, but the Treaty of Paris (1763)at the conclusion of the Seven Years War returned it.

.16 January- death anniversary of "Nithyaharitha Nayakan" Prem Nazir.

Prem Nazir ,(Abdul Khader) born on 7 April and died on 16 January 1989, considered one of the most successful actor of Indian Cinema, referred to as "Nithyaharitha Nayakan" meaning Evergreen Hero. His career began with the film Marumakal in 1952,he rose to become one of the biggest superstars from 1950s to 1980s, and famous for being a romantic actor. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1983.Nazir holds two Guinnes World Records for playing the lead role in a record- 520 films and for playing opposite the same heroine-Sheela in 130 films. He also holds two other acting records, for acting opposite 80 heroine and for acting in lead roles in 30 films which were released in a single year 1973 and 1977.

.15 January- Indian Army Day.

Indian Army Day is celebrated on 15 January every year in India, in recognition of Field Marshal-Kodandera M Carriappa taking over as the First Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army from the last British Commander-in-Chief, General Sir Francis Butcher in 1949. Army day is the day to Salute the valiant soldiers who sacrificed their lives to protect the country and its citizens.

15 January- birth anniversary of Martin Luther king Jr..

Martin Luther King Jr ., born on 15 January 1929 and assassinated on 4 April 1968, was an American Bapist minister, activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. He is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience. inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi. He was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

14 January- birth anniversary of C D Deshmuk, the first Indian Governor of RBI , British India..

Sir Chintaman Dwarakanath Deshmuk , born on 14 January 1896 and died on 2nd October 1982, was an Indian civil servant and the first Indian to be appointed as the Governer of the Reserve Bank of British Indian in 1943 . After Independence, he served as the Finance Minister in the Union Cabinet from 1950 to 1956, founding members of the NCAER-the National Council of Applied Economics Research, Chairman of UGC from 1956 to 1961,Chairman of the Indian Institute of Public Administration and VC of Delhi university. He was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1975.

.14 January- Thai Pongal.

Pongal , also referred as Thai Pongal , is a multi-day Hindu harvest festival of South India,popularly in the Tamil community . It is observed at the start of the month Tai according to Tamil Solar calendar, probably on 14 January, dedicated to the Hindu Sun god-the Surya and corresponds to Makar Sankranti. The three days of the Pongal festival are called Bhogi Pongal, Surya Pongal and Maattu Pongal

13 January- birth day of Rakesh Sharma , India's first man in Space .

Rakesh Sharma , born on 13 January 1949 in Patiala Punjab, was a Wing Commander in the Indian Air Force rose to become a squadron leader who was chosen to be a part of the joint space program between ISRO and Soviet Intercosmos program. He became the first and only Indian citizen who flew into space , in the Soviet rocket Suyoz-T11, in 2nd April 1984.Rakesh Sharma's memorable answers from the space to the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to her question "Upar se Bharat kaisa dikhta hai ?" (How India looks from space?) he responded by quoting the poet Mohammed Iqbal's lines -"Saare jahaan se achcha" (Better than the whole world.)

12 January- birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.,

Swami Vivekananda , born on 12 January 1863, a disciple of Indian mystic Sri Ramakrishna, was a major force in the revival of Hunduism in India and a key figure in the introduction of the Indian Philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world in the 19th century. He is perhaps best known for his speech which began with the words - "Sisters and brothers of America" in which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World Religions in Chicago in 1893.

JANUARY 2022

11 January- death anniversary of Lal Bahadur Sastri ,

Lal Bahadur Sastri, born on 2 October 1904 and died on 11 January 1966, served as the second Prime Minister of India . He promoted the White Revolution, created the National Diary Development Board, and Green Revolution in India in 1965. He led the country during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and his slogan- "Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan" became very popular during the war. The war formally ended with the Taskhent Agreement on 10 January 1966, he died the following day in Taskhent, with the cause of his death in dispute. Sastri was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1966.

JANUARY 2022

10 January 1920- League of Nations founded.

The League Of Nations was the first worldwide international organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 following the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War and this organisation ceased on 20 April 1946

10 January 1776- Thomas Paine's pamphlet- "Common Sense" published.

Common sense , a 47 page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies of America . It was published on 10 January 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution, and became an immediate sensation, encourage people in the Colonies to fight for egalitarian government.

10 January- Happy birthday Gaanagandharvan Dasetta

Kattassery Joseph Yesudas , often referred as "Gaanagandharvan" , born on 10 January 1940 in Kerala, is a world famous playback singer and musician, who sings Classical, Devotional and Cinematic songs, recorded more than 80000 songs in number. He sang songs in seven Indian languages-Malayalam, Tamil, Hindi, Kannada, Bengali, Odia and Telugu as well as Arabic, English, Latin and Russian during a career spanning six decades. He was awarded Sangeet Natak Akademi award in 1992, Padma Bhushan in 2002, Padma Vibhushan in 2017, Kerala State Film awards 26 times, National Film awards 8 times, Timil Nadu State Film awards 5 times, International Indian Film Academy award 1 time and many other awards.....

JANUARY 2022

9 January- birth anniversary of Har Govind Khorana , Indian American Noble Prize winner.

Har Govind Khorana , (born on 9 January 1922 in Punjab ,British India and become a citizen of the United States in 1966 ) was an Indian American biochemist-won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1968, for the research of Order of nucleotides in nucleic acid, which carry the genetic code of the cell. He was also awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the Highest Presidential Award of India,in 1972.

JANUARY 2022

9 January- Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (Non-Resident Indian Day).

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas or Non-Resident Indian Day is observed on 9 January by the Republic of India to make the contribution of the overseas Indian community towards the development of India. The day commemorates the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa to Mumbai on 9 January 1915.

9 January- birth anniversary of Har Govind Khorana , Indian American Noble Prize winner.

Har Govind Khorana , (born on 9 January 1922 in Punjab ,British India and become a citizen of the United States in 1966 ) was an Indian American biochemist-won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1968, for the research of Order of nucleotides in nucleic acid, which carry the genetic code of the cell. He was also awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the Highest Presidential Award of India,in 1972.

JANUARY 2022

8 January- birth anniversary of Stephen Hawkins .

Stephen William Hawking , born on 8 January and died on 14 March 2018, was an English theoretical Physicist, Cosmologist and Director of research at University of Cambridge. His scientific career were in the field of General relativity and Quantum gravity and his thesis were on Properties of Expanding Universe in 1966 and the Universe and Black holes in 1974.

JANUARY 2022

7 January 1610- Ganymede , the biggest Satellite of Jupiter was discovered by Galileo Galilei.

Ganymede and three other satellites of Jupiter-Io, Europa and Callisto, were discovered by Galileo Galilei on 7 January 1610. They were the first objects found to orbit a planet other than the Earth. Ganymede is the largest and most massive moon in the Solar System, diametre of 5,268 km and an orbital period of 172 hours, without a substantial atmosphere.

JANUARY 2022

6 January-birthday of Kapil Dev.

6 January 1912- "Continental Drift Hypothesis" presented by Alfred Wegener .

Alfred Wegener , a German Geophysicist, presented his Continental Drift hypothesis on 6 January 1912 by noticing that the different large landmasses of the Earth almost fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. He analyzed both side of the Atalantic Ocean, that a significant similarity between matching sides of the continent, especially in fossil plants.He argued that all continents were once joined together in a single landmass, drafted apart and the mechanism causing the drift might be the centrifugal force of the Earth's rotation.

JANUARY 2022

4 January- World Braille Day , birthday of Louis Braille

World Braille Day is celebrated on 4th January around the world to commemorate the birthday of Louis Braille , born in 1809, credited with inventing the Braille language which helps blind people to read and writer. The date was chosen by the United Nations General Assembly as a means of relaization of the human rights for blind and visually impaired people.

4 January- birth anniversary of Issac Newton .

Issac Newton , born on 4 January 1643, was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and theologian - one of the most influential scientists of all time. He is known for the invention of Universal Gravitation , Netwon's Laws of Motion and the Theory of Relativity.

JANUARY 2022

.3 January- birth anniversary of Dr. Rajendra Prasad , first President of India.

Rajendra Prasad , born on 3 December 1884, was an Indian independence activist, political leader imprisoned by British authorities during salt Satyagraha of 1930 and the Quit India movement of 1942. After independence in 1947, he was elected as the President of the Constituent Assembly of India , that drafted the Constitution of India. When India became Republic in 1950, Rajendra Prasad was elected as its first President and the only president to serve two full teams . He was awarded Bharat Ratna in 1962.

.3 January- birth anniversary of Saint Father Kuriakose Elias Chandra..

Kuriakose Elias Chavara , born on 10 February 1805 and died on 3 January 1871, was a Catholic Priest and a social reformer who played a major role in educating and uplifting people especially of the lower ranks of society. He started an institution for Sanskrit studies in Mannanam in 1846, the first Indian who admit the untouchables to school challenging social bans based on caste. He promoted the vision of the Catholic Churches to establilh educational institution to each parish-came to be called "Pallikudams" in Kerala. The poor students were given "midday meals'' and later this idea inspired the King to implement it in all government schools.is idea inspired the King to implement it in all government schools.He is the first canonised ,on 23 November 2014, Catholic male Saint of Indian origin.

JANUARY 2022

.Bharata Kesari Sri-Mannathu Padmanabhan Pillai , born on 2 January 1878, was an Indian social reformer and freedom fighter from Kerala. He is recognised as the founder of the Nair Service Society (NSS) which represent more than 12% of the population of the state. He fought for the social equality, took Part in the Vaikom Satyagraham 1924 and Guruvayoor Satyagrahain 1931 , anti-untouchability agitation, agitation against Sir CP Ramaswamy Iyer. Mannam was the first president of Travancore Devaswom Board. He was arrested for the Indian Freedom Movement in 1947. Mannam was honoured with the title Bharata Kesari Mannathu Padmanabhan by the President of India and also received Padma Bhushan in 1966..

JANUARY 2022

.1st January- New Year..

Wish you all a happy New Year🙏 .New Year is the day at which a new calendar year begins and many cultures celebrate the event on the 1st day of January, marked in the Gregorian calendar, the most widely used, Julian calendar and of the Roman calendar after 153 BC. The months of January and February did not exist until around 700 BC. The first time the New Year was celebrated on January 1st, was in Rome in 153 BC when the second king of Rome, Numa Pontilius , added the months of January and February. Thus the new year was moved from March to January.

DECEMBER 31 2021

.31 December - birth anniversary of Mallikarjun Mansur, classical singer.

Mallikarjun Mansur , born on 31 December 1910 and died on 12 September 1992,was an Indian classical singer from Karnataka, an excellent vocalist in the Khyal style in the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana singing style. He received the Padma Shri in 1970, Padma Bhushan in 1976 and Padma Vibhushan in 1992,the second highest civilian honour given by Government of India. He was also awarded the Sangeet Natak Academi Fellowship in 1982.

.30 December 1943- First Flag Hosting Day by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose ..

30 December 1943 Netaji Subash Chandra Bose hosted Tricolour Flag for the first time in the Cellular Jail, Port Blair in Andaman & Nicobar. Azad Hind government was not merely a government in exile but had its own land, currency, civil code and stamps. By hosting the Azad flag, Bose also fulfilled his promise that INA would stand on the Indian soil by the end of 1943.

.30 December 1943 Netaji Subash Chandra Bose hosted Tricolour Flag for the first time in the Cellular Jail, Port Blair in Andaman & Nicobar. Azad Hind government was not merely a government in exile but had its own land, currency, civil code and stamps. By hosting the Azad flag, Bose also fulfilled his promise that INA would stand on the Indian soil by the end of 1943..

DECEMBER 29 2021

.29 December- birth anniversary of Rajesh Khanna.

Rajesh Khanna , born on 29 December 1942 and died on 18 July 2012,was an Indian actor, film producer and politician who worked in Hindi films. He was the highest- paid actor in Hindi cinema throughout the 1970s and 1980s and the First Superstar of Bollywood, consecutively starred in a record 15 successful films between 1969 to 1971.His accolades include four BFJA Awards and five Filmfare Awards , and in 2013,he was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan , India's third highest civilian honour.

DECEMBER 28 2021

.28 December 1885- Indian National Congress foundation day. Postage stamp issued in its Centenary in 1985,depicting the first President WC Banerjee to Rajeev Gandhi

Indian National Congress is a political party founded on 28 December 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume with the ideology social democracy, social liberalism, civic nationalism and secularism. It was the first nationalist movement for Indian Independence from Great Britain and its first session conducted in Bombay ,presided by Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee.

28 December- birth anniversary of Woodrow Wilson ,architect of the League of Nations .

Thomas Woodrow Wilson , born on 28 December 1856 and died on 3 February 1924, was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the USA from 1913 to 1921.He changed the nation's economic policies and led the US into World War l in 1917.He was the leading architect of the League of Nations and his progressive stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism .He was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1919.

DECEMBER 27 2021

27 December- birth anniversary of Louis Pasteur , discoverer of vaccine for rabies .

Louis Pasteur , born on 27 December 1822 and died on 28 September 1895,was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination.His works are credited to saving millions of lives through the vaccines for rabies and anthrax . He is regarded as the "father of bacteriology" and as the "father of microbiology" .

.27 December- birth anniversary of A B Walawalkar ,the founder of Konkan Railway .

A B Walawalkar, born on 27 December 1897 and died on 23 December 1970, was an Indian railway engineer, epigraphist,and historian, regarded as the founder of Konkan Railway . He joined in the Central Indian Railway (presently Western Railway)in its Engineering Drawing Department in 1922 and in 1952,he published a booklet on Konkan Railway Project and delivered seminars and wrote many articles in newspapers about the project.The project was full functioned on 26 January 1998

DECEMBER 26 2021

..26 December- birth anniversary of Mao Zedong . US dollar with portrait of Mao Zedong, symbolic image for the dependency of the US economy on China.

Mao Zedong , born on 26 December 1893, also known as Chairman Mao , was a Chines communist revolutionary and the founder of the People's Republic of China. He ruled Communist China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. Ideologically a Marxist-Leninist, his theories, military strategies and political policies are collectively known as Maoism .

DECEMBER 24 2021

.24 December- Libyan Independence Day..

Libya is a North African country ruled by various powers - Carthaginians, Persians, Egyptians and Greeks before it becoming a part of the Roman Empire. Ottoman rule began in 1551 and ended by the occupation and establishment of colonies by Italy. After the Second World War, on 24 December 1951 Libya become independent as a kingdom under King Idris - I from the European colonialism. But in 1969 King Idris-I was overthrew by military coup by Muammar Gaddafi.

.24 December- Santa Claus or Father Christmas , brings gift on Christmas Eve..

Santa Claus also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas , is a legendary character bringing gifts on Christmas Eve with toys and candy to well-behaved children and coal to naughty children. He makes the toys in his workshop at the North Pole and flying reindeer who pull his sleigh through the air.

DECEMBER 23 2021

23 December- Kisan Diwas, birth anniversary of our former Prime Minister Charn Singh..

Kisan Diwas-National Farmer's Day , is observed from 2001, on the birth anniversary of the 5th Prime Minister of India - Chaudhary Charn Singh, born on 23 December 1902. Agriculture employes are more than half of the Indian population and farmers are the backbone of the nation .Kisan Diwas is the recognition of the valuable services rendered by the farmers of India. Charan Singh introduced several welfare schemes for the farmers and wrote several books on farmers and their probems and solutions to improve the lives of the farmers of our nation.

DECEMBER 18 2021

22 December- National Mathematics Day , birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan..

The Indian Government declared 22 December as the National Mathematics Day in 2012 on the 125th birth anniversary of the Indian Mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanuja ,born on 22 December 1887.The year 2012 also celebrated as the National Mathematics Year.

DECEMBER 21 2021

..21 December (this year 2021)- Winter Solstice ,in Northern Hemisphere..

The Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on 21st or 22nd December, when the Earth's North pole reaches its maximum tilt away from the Sun. This happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere(Northern and Southern).For that hemisphere,the shortest period of daylight and longest night of the year is experienced.

.21 December 1911-The Central Bank of india established..

The Central Bank of india was the first commercial bank, which was established in 21 December 1911, wholly owned and managed by Indians, Government of India Ministry of Finance. The establishment of the Bank was the ultimate realisation of the dream of Sir Sorabji Pochkhanawala ,founder of the bank.

DECEMBER 20 2021

.20 December- International Human Solidarity Day..

International Human Solidarity Day is observed on 20 December by the United Nations to recognize the universal values of poor, solidarity in working towards eradicating poverty and to formulate its countermeasures to eradicate poverty worldwide.

DECEMBER 19 2021

19 December- Goa Liberation Day..

Goa Liberation Day is observed on December 19 every year in India it marks the day Indian armed forces freed Goa in 1961 following 450 years of Portuguese rule. The Portuguese colonised several parts of India in 1510 , but by the end of 19th-century, colonies were limited to Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra, Nagar Haveli and Anjediva Islands . The Goa liberation movement sought to end Portuguese colonial rule in India in 1961.

19 December 1932- The BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) launched..

.The BBC World Service, is an international broadcaster, is the world's oldest and the largest broadcaster launched on 19 December 1932. It broadcasts in more than 40 languages to many parts of the world, reached an average of 210 million people a week , via TV, Radio and Online.

DECEMBER 18 2021

18 December- World Arabic Day..

World Arabic Language Day is observed annually on December 18 by the UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) in 2010 to promote multilingualism, Cultural diversity and equal use of all Six of its official working languages. Arabic is one of the most widely spoken languages that more than 422 million people. The date was chosen as the day in 1973 the UN General Assembly approved Arabic as an official UN language.

.18 December- International Migrants Day.

The UN declared International Migrants Day on 18 December in 1990 to protect the rights of all migrants , (more than 272 million migrants,) to emphasize the need to respect human rights of migrants and to promote international labor standards at the same time condemning racism and intolerance.

DECEMBER 17 2021

.17 December- Wright Brothers Day..

Wright brothers-Orville and Wilbur were two American aviation pioneers credited with inventing, building and flying the world's first successful motor-operated airplane-Wright Flyer. They made the first controlled flight on December 17, 1903, (6kms flight) in North Carolina, USA.

..17 December- birthday of Pope Francis

Pope Francis , Jorge Mario Bergoglio, born on 17 December 1936 in Argentina, is the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State since 2013.He is the first pope to be a member of the Society of Jesus, the first from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere and the first pope from outside Europe since Gregory III, a Syrian who reigned in the 8th century.

DECEMBER 16 2021

.16 December- Vijay Diwas.

India observe December 16 as, Vijay Diwas , Victory Day to commemorate Indian military's victory over Pakistan on 16 December 1971, in Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 for the liberation of Bengladesh from Pakistan.

DECEMBER 15 2021

15 December- birthday anniversary of Gustave Eiffel , designer of Eiffel Tower..

Alexandre Gustave Eiffel , born on 15 December 1832 and died on 27 December 1923,was a French civil engineer who made various bridges for the French railway. He is best known for world famous Eiffel Tower designed and built in 1889 and his contribution in building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After retirement from engineering, he focused on meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields.

DECEMBER 14 2021

14 December- World Energy Conservation Day ..

World Energy Conservation Day is observed every year on 14 December since 1991.The day focuses on making people aware of global warming and climate change and promote efforts towards saving energy resources. Most of the energy sources we use in our daily lives are non-renewable and energy conservation is achievable either by using energy more efficiently or by reducing the amount service usage. Arthur H Rosenfeld is widely known as the father of energy efficiency , for championing energy-saving appliances.

DECEMBER 13 2021

13 December- World Violin Day.

World Violin Day is celebrated on 13 December every year. In today's time Violin has become one of the most popular musical string instrument across the world. The first form of violin was made in 1555 by Andrea Amati in Cremona, Italy and Arnold Rose is regarded as the word's first violinist born in 1863 in Romania. One of the most famous violin players of all time is regarded as,Israeli -American, Itzhak Perlman.

DECEMBER 12 2021

12 December- *Universal Health Coverage Day.*

*Universal Health Coverage Day* is adopted on 12 December 2012 by the UN resolution, providing all people, everywhere,with access to affordable, quality health -care services . It includes the full range of essential health services, from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care without financial hardship.

12 December- birthday of *Rajinikanth* .*

Shivaji Rao Gaekwad,known by *Rajinikanth* , born on 12 December 1950,is an Indian actor, producer and screenwriter who works primarily in Tamil cinema. He has won many awards, including four Tamil Nadu State Film Best Actor Awards.The Government of India has honored him with the *Padma Vibhushan* in 2016 and *Padma Bhushan* in 2000. He was also awarded India's highest award in the field of cinema, *Dadasaheb Phalke Award* in 2020.

DECEMBER 11 2021

.11 December- International Mountain Day.

International Mountain Day was designated by the United Nations General Assembly in 2003 to observe December 11 every year. It highlight the importance of sustainable mountain development and aims to raise awareness about Mountain minorities and indigenous people who live in mountain environment and the relevance of their cultural heritage, tradition and customs.

DECEMBER 10 2021

..10 December- Human Rights Day

Human Rights Day is observed every year on 10 December,adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document that proclaims the inalinable rights which everyone is entitled to as a human being--regardless of race, colour, religion, sex, language, political or other opinion, national or social orgin, property, birth or other status. It is the most translated document in the world available in more than 500 languages .

DECEMBER 09 2021

..9 December- International Anti-Corruption Day .

The United Nations General Assembly adopted December 9 as International Anti-Corruption Day in 2005. Its goal is to reduce various types of corruption that can occour across country borders and to strengthen international law enforcement and judicial cooperation between countries by providing effective legal mechanisms against abuse of power and corruption in private sector such as embezzlement and money laundering.

DECEMBER 08 2021

.8 December 1955- The Flag of Europe was officially adopted..

The Flag of Europe or the European Flag is an official symbol used by the Council of Europe- the regional organisation representing the 27 nations in Europe. The flag consists of twelve five pointed golden stars on a blue field. The design was conceived in 1955 and officially adopted on 8 December of the same year.The European Communities adopted it in 1985 and the European Union also inherited the emblem in 1993.

DECEMBER 07 2021

7 December- International Civil Aviation Day ..

International Civil Aviation Day is celebrated on 7 December and the purpose of the day is to recognize the importance of aviation, especially International air travel, to the social and economic development of the world through rapid transit network. The UN and world nations have now adopted a new era in global sustainable development and a fundamental enabler of global peace and prosperity by Civil Aviation Organization.

DECEMBER 06 2021

6 December- Saint Nicholas Day , also called "Santa Claus" feast day..

Saint Nicholas Day ,is the feast of Saint Nicholas observed on 6 December in Western Christian countries. He is also known as Santa Claus , who brings gifts for the poor.

.6 December- birth anniversary of Rukmini Lakshmipathi,..

Rukmini Lakshmipathi , born on 6 December 1892 and died on 6 August 1951,was an Indian independence activist and politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. She was the first woman to be elected to the Madras Legislature and the first to serve as a minister in the Madras Presidency. She was jailed for a year for participating in the Salt Satyagraha,the first female prisoner in the Salt Satyagraha movement. She was elected to the Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly in 1937,elected as the Deputy Speaker in 1946,and the Minister for Public Health. She was the first and only woman minister of the Presidency.

DECEMBER 05 2021

.5 December- World Soil Day.

World Soil Day (WSD) is held annually on 5 December as a means to focus attention on the importance of healthy soil and advocating for the sustainable management of soil resources. An International Union was held in 2002 under the leadership of the Kingdom of Thailand for a global awareness of soil protection. In 2013,the UN General Assembly designated 5 December as the official World Soil Day. The theme of 2021 year is "Halt soil salinization, boost soil productivity

DECEMBER 04 2021

4 December- Indian Navy Day..

Navy Day in India is celebrated on 4 December every year to recognize the achievements and role of the Indian Navy to the country. 4 December was chosen as on that day in 1971,during Operation Trident, the Indian Navy sank four Pakistani vessels including PNS Khaibar, killing hundreds of Pakistani Navy personnel.

4 December- birth anniversary of R Venkataraman ,the eighth President of India...

Ramasamy Venkataraman , born on 4 December 1910 and died on 27 January 2009,was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union Minister and as the eighth president of India. He practiced in the Madras High Court and the Supreme Court of India and was an active of the Indian independence movement, participated in the Quit India Movement. He was appointed as the member of Constituent Assembly, elected to the Lok Sabha four times, served as Union Finance Minister and Defence Minister. In 1984,he was elected as the seventh vice president of India and in 1987, he became the eighth President and served up to 1992.

DECEMBER 03 2021

3 December- International Day of Persons with Disabilities.

International Day for Persons with Disabilities is observed annually on 3 December by the United Nations since 1992.The day aims to promote an understanding of disability issues and mobilize support for the dignity, rights and well-being of persons with disabilities.Each year the day focuses on a different theme and this year's UN theme is: Leadership and participation of persons with disabilities towards an inclusive, accessible and sustainable post-COVID-19 world .

3 December- birth anniversary of Dr. Rajendra Prasad ..

Dr.Rajendra Prasad , born on 3 December 1884 and died on 28 February 1963, was an Indian independence activist,lawyer, scholar and the first president of India, in the office from 1950 to 1962.He joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement and became a major leader and was imprisoned by British authorities during the Salt Satyagraha of 1931 and the Quit India Movement of 1942. He was elected as President of the Constituent Assembly of India which prepared the Constitution of India.

DECEMBER 02 2021

.2nd December- UAE National Day

United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) National Day is celebrated on 2nd December, stands for the nationalisation from the British Protectorate Treaties which were declared in 1968 and also falls on the anniversary of the federal unification of the Seven Emirates in 1971- Abu Dhabi, Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah -which combined to form the modern day- UAE. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the first president of the federation.

2 December- International Day for the Abolition of Slavery ..

The International Day for the Abolition of Slavery is a yearly event on 2 December, organized since 1986 by the United Nations General Assembly. The Convention on 2 December 1949 approved the abolition of suppression and exploitation of people. The UN proclaimed 2004 as the International Year for the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition.

DECEMBER 01 2021

.1st December- World AIDS Day .

World AIDS Day designated on 1 December every year since 1988,is an international day dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV infections. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a life threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),reduces its resistance to other diseases. The day make awareness, with education, prevention and control on AIDS.

1st December 1965- Border Security Force formed.

The Border Security Force (BSF) is India's border guarding organisation on its border with Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is one of the five Central Armed Forces of India, and was raised in the wake of the 1965 War on 1 December 1965, for ensuring the security of the borders,formed under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The BSF is the only CAPF to have a Full-fledg Water Wing, Air Wing and an Artillery Regiment of its own and currently the world's largest border guarding force.

NOVEMBER 30 2021

.30 November- birth anniversary of Sir Winston Churchill.

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, born on 30 November 1874 and died on 24 January 1965,was a British statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, during the Second World War and again from 1951 to 1955.He was also a writer, historian and a prolific painter, and received the Noble Prize in Literature in 1953.

30 November- birth anniversary of Mark Twain...

Samuel Langhorne Clemens , known by his pen name Mark Twain , born on 30 November 1835 and died on 21 April 1910, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher and lecturer. He was the greatest humorist, and called as "the father of American literature".His novels include- The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in 1876,and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1884.

NOVEMBER 29 2021

29 November- birth anniversary of Thakkar Bapa..

Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar , popularly know as Thakkar Bapa ,born on 29 November 1869 and died on 20 January 1951,was an Indian social worker who worked for upliftment of tribal people in Gujarat. He became a member of the Servants of India Society founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 and in 1922, he founded the Bhil Seva Mandal . He became the general secretary of the Harijan Sevak Sangh founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 and Mahatma Gandhi call him 'Bapa'

NOVEMBER 28 2021

28 November- birth anniversary of Friedrich Engels..

Friedrich Engels , born on 28 November 1820 in Germany and died on 5 August 1895,was a German socialist philosopher, the closest collaborator of Karl Marx in the foundation of modern communism. They coauthored The Communist Manifesto in 1848,and Engels edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital after Marx's death.

NOVEMBER 27 2021

27 November- birth anniversary of Bruce Lee ..

Bruce Lee , named Lee Jun-fan in Chinese, born on 27 November 1940 and died on 20 July 1973, was a Hong Kong American actor, world famous Kung Fu master , the most influential martial arts film actor and the founder of Jeet Kune Do ,-a hybrid martial arts.He made great contributions by introducing Chinese martial arts to the world and bridged the gap between East and West.

NOVEMBER 26 2021

26 November- Constitution Day of India.

Constitution Day or Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated in India on 26 November every year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India. On 26 November 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution and it came into effect on 26 January 1950.Dr.B R Ambedkar chaired the drafting committee and played a pivotal role in the drafting of the constitution.The day spread the importance of the constitution and to spread thoughts and ideas of Ambedkar.

26 November- birth anniversary of Varghese Kurien ,the "Father of the White Revolution" in India..

Varghese Kurien , born on 26 November 1921 in Kerala and died on 9 September 2012, known as the Father of the White Revolution in India,was a social entrepreneur who made diary farming- "Operation Flood" India's largest self-sustaining industry and the largest rural employment sector providing a third of all rural income.He made India the world's largest milk producer and increased milk output four-fold in 30 years.He pioneered the Anand model cooperatives and also made India self-sufficient in edible oils.He was awarded World Food Prize in 1989, Padma Shri in 1965, Padma Bhushan in 1966 and Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1964.

NOVEMBER 25 2021

25 November- International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women.

The United Nations General Assembly has designated November 25 as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women (Resolution 54 /134). The premise of the day is to raise awareness of the fact that women around the world are subject to rape, domestic violence and other forms of vioence.

NOVEMBER 24 2021

24 November- Evolution Day...

Evolution Day is celebrated to commemorate the anniversary of the initial publication of On the Orgin of Species by Charles Darwin on 24 November 1859. The day highlights Darwin's contributions to science and educate about evolution biology.The theory states that the evolution happens by natural selection and individuals in a species show variation in physical characteristics because of differences in their genes.

NOVEMBER 23 2021

.23 November- birth anniversary of Sathya Sai Baba.

Ratnakaram Sathyanarayana Raju,known as Sathya Sai Baba, born on 23 November 1926 and died on 24 April 2011, was an Indian guru and philanthropist who left his home in order to serve the society. He founded the Sathya Sai Organisation for service activities as a means to spiritual advancement,has over 1200 Sathya Sai Centres in 126 countries. This organisation runs free super speciality hospitals, drinking water projects, a university, ashrams and schools.

NOVEMBER 22 2021

.22 November 1963- John F kennedy was assassinated..

John Fitzgerald Kennedy , born on 29 May 1917 and assassinated on 22 November 1963,was the 35th president of USA from 1961 until his assassination. While in the Senate, he published his book, Profiles in Courage, which won Pulitzer Prize.He signed the First Nuclear Weapons Treaty, supported the Civil Rights Movement and the continuation of the Apollo program with the goal of landing a man on Moon before 1970.

NOVEMBER 21 2021

21st November- World Hello Day..

World Hello Day is observed annually on 21 November to express that conflict should be resolved through communication rather than the use of force. The day began to be celebrated in 1973 and the participants verbally greet ten people or more on that day as an expression of the importance of personal communication. This day was founded by Brian McCormack , a Ph.D graduate of Arizon University, in response to the Yom Kippur War between Egypt and Israel in 1973.

NOVEMBER 20 2021

. 20 November- birth anniversary of Tipu Sultan ,the Lion of Mysore.

Tipu Sultan -(Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu) born on 20 November 1750, also known as the "Tiger of Mysore", was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore and the pioneer of rocket artillery. He introduced a number of administrative innovations including new coinage system, new calendar know as Mauludi Era, new land revenue system which initiated the growth of Mysore Silk industoy. All this made Mysore a major economic power and one of the world's highest living standards in the late 18th century.

.20 November- World Children's Day. .

World Children's Day was first established in 1954 as Universal Children's Day and is celebrated on 20 November each year to promote international togetherness, awareness among children worldwide, and improving children's welfare. The UN General Assembly adopted 20th November 1959 for the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. The theme for World Children's Day 2021 is to " Help children to recover from interruptions and learning losses experienced through the pandemic in the last two years."

NOVEMBER 19 2021

.19 November- birth anniversary of Jhansi Rani.

Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi , born on 19 November 1828 and died on 18 June 1858, was an Indian queen of the Maratha princely state of Jhansi from 1843 to 1853.She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and became a symbol of resistance to the British Raj. She died in the Rebellion in a battle on 17 June 1858

.19 November- World Toilet Day ..

World Toilet Day is an official United Nations international observance day on 19 November to inspire action to tackle the global sanitation crisis. 4.2 billion people live without safely managed sanitation and around 673 million people practice open defecation worldwide. UN's sustainable development goals aims to ensure water and sanitation for all .

NOVEMBER 18 2021

18 November 1626- Saint Peter's Basilica was completed and consecrated.

The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican known as Saint Peter's Basilica is a church built in the Renaissance style in Vatican City. It was initially planned by Pope Nicholas V and Pope Julius ll replaced the Old St. Peter's Basilica which was built in the 4th century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.It is the largest church in the world by interior measure.

18 November- National Day of Oman..

The National Day of Sultanate of Oman is celebrated in commemoration of its independence from the Kingdom of Portugal on 18 November 1650.The Portuguese first arrived in the country in the early 1500s for the trade route to India and exploited Oman. On November 18, 1650, Imam Sultan bin Saif led a rebellion that expelled the Portuguese from Oman and its ports with the help of the British East India Company. The day is also celebrates the birthday of Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said, who reigned from 1970 to 2020.

NOVEMBER 17 2021

17 November- birth anniversary of Gemini Ganesan.

Ganapati Subrahmanian Sarma or Ramasamy Ganesan known as Gemini Ganesan ,born on 17 November 1920 and died on 22 March 2005, was an Indian actor in Tamil cinema. He was nicknamed "Kaadhal Mannan" (King of Romance) was one of the three biggest names in Tamil cinema, the other two being M G Ramachandran and Sivji Ganesan He was awarded Padma Shri in 1971 and also won the "Kalaimamani" the MGR Gold medal and the Screen Lifetime Achievement Award.

NOVEMBER 16 2021

16 November- International Day of Tolerance

International Day of Tolerance is observed on 16 November to raise awareness about strengthening tolerance by encouraging mutual understanding among cultures and people. The UN General Assembly in 1966,by resolution 51/95,invited its Member States to observe the Day on 16 November each year.

16 November- National Press Day .

November 16 is celebrated as National Press Day to commemorate the foundation of the Press Council of India in 1966. The day also mark the symbol of a free and responsible press in the country, assumed the role of the fourth pillar of Democracy.

NOVEMBER 15 2021

15 November- birth anniversary of Birsa Munda ,tribal freedom fighter..

Birsa Munda , born on 15 November 1875 and died on 9 June 1900,was an Indian tribal freedom fighter in the Indian independence movement, religious leader and folk hero in the 19th century who belong to the Munda tribe. He revolted against the British Raj in the Munda belt of Khunti,Tamar,Sarwada and Bandgaon in the Bengal Presidency, now Jharkhand.

15 November- birth day of Sania Mirza .

Sania Mirza, born on 15 November 1986,is an Indian professional tennis player, a former doubles world No 1 .She has won six Grand Slam titles in her career and was ranked as India's No 1 player , by the Women's Tennis Association, from 2003 until her retirement from singles in 2013.

NOVEMBER 14 2021

.14 November- birth anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru, Children's Day*in India

Jawaharlal Nehru , born on 14 November 1889 and died on 27 May 1964,was the first Prime Minister of India,served for 17 years. He promoted parliamentary democracy, secularism and science and technology during 1950s.His books- Letter from a Father to His Daughter (1929), An Autobiography (1936)and The Discovery of India (1946)were world widely admired. Nehru was known as Chacha Ji among children and as a tribute his birthday, November 14 is celebrated as Children's Day across India.

14 November- World Diabetes Day..

World Diabetes Day (WDD) was created in 1991 by IDF and the World Health Organization in response to growing concerns about the escalating health threat posed by diabetes. World Diabetes Day became an official United Nations Day in 2006 with the passage of United Nation Resolution 61/225. It is marked every year on 14 November, the birthday of Sir Frederick Banting, who co discovered insulin along with Charles Best in 1922.

NOVEMBER 13 2021

13 November- World Kindness Day .

World Kindness Day is an international observance on 13 November, introduced in 1998 by the World Kindness Movement, a coalition of nations kindness NGOs.It is observed first time in 2009 by many countries including India

NOVEMBER 12 2021

12 November- birth anniversary of Dr Salim Ali , "the Birdman of India"..

Salim Moizuddin Abdul Ali, born on 12 November 1896 and died on 20 June 1987,was an Indian ornithologist and nutralist referred as the "Birdman of India". He was the first Indian to conduct systematic bird surveys across Indian and wrote several bird books that popularized ornithology.

.12 November 1936- The Temple Entry Proclamation was issued. Postage stamps issued by Travancore princely state..

The Temple Entry Proclamation* was issued by Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma on 12 November 1936 abolishing the ban on the so-called 'low caste people' or avarnas from entering Hindu temples in the Princely State of Travancore, now part of Kerala.

NOVEMBER 11 2021

11 November- birth anniversary of Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad , National Education Day .

National Education Day is an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad , born on 11 November 1888 and died on 22 February 1958,the first education minister of independent India. He improved the literacy rate of India by strong education and emphasis on higher education.He played a major role in the establishment of the University Grants Commission(UGC) and the first Indian Institute of Technology (IIT).

NOVEMBER 10 2021

10 November- birth anniversary of Martin Luther of Germany, the founder of Lutheranism..

Martin Luther , born on 10 November 1483 in Germany and died on 18 February 1546,was a German professor of theology, priest, author and composer.He is best known as the Protestant Reformatio n and the founder of Lutheranism .He rejected several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church through his Ninety five Theses of 1517.His refusal to renounce all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520, resulted in his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church.

10 November-birth anniversary of Surendranath Banerjee..

Sir Surendranath Banerjee , born on 10 November 1848 and died on 6 August 1925,was one of the earliest Indian political leaders during British Rule.He founded a nationalist organization called the Indian National Association and he was also one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress. He left Congress with many liberal leaders and founded a new organization named *Indian National Liberation Federation in 1919.*He is given the epithet of " Rashtraguru "- teacher of the people.

NOVEMBER 09 2021

9 November- birth anniversary of Muhammad Iqbal , author of Sare Jahan se Accha.

Sir Muhammad Iqbal , born on 9 November 1877 in British India and died on 21 April 1938, was a writer, philosopher and politician, whose poetry in the Urdu language is among the greatest of the 20th century. His notable works include- Sare Jahan se Accha, Bang-e-Dara, The Secrets of the Self, Javid Nama..... "Sare Jahan se Accha" is a patriotic song, considered as the " *Anthem of the People of Hindustan"*- anthem of opposition to the British Raj.

NOVEMBER 08 2021

8 November- birth anniversary of Edmond Halley , discovered the Halley's Comet..

Edmond Halley , born on 8th November 1656 and died on 14 January 1742,as an English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematican and meteorologist who discovered the Halley's Comet in 1705 and was named after him. The Comet's periodicity is 76 years for one revolution around the Sun through its elliptical orbit. It is the only short-period comet visible to the naked eye from Earth and was last appeared in 1986. The next perihelion will be on 28th July 2061.

NOVEMBER 07 2021

.7 November- birth anniversary of C V Raman .the first Asian to receive the Noble Prize.

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman , born on 7th November 1888, was an Indian Physicist who made groundbreaking works in the field of light scattering. He discovered that when Iight traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light change wavelength and amplitude. This phenomenon is known as " Raman effect". C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 and was the first Asian to receive i t in any branch of science.

7 November- birth anniversary of Marie Curie .the first woman to win a Nobel Prize..

Marie Salomea Sklodowska Curie , born on 7 November 1867 and died on 4 July 1935,was a Polish-French physist and chemist who conducted research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Noble Prize , the first person and the only woman to win the Noble Prize twice, and the only person to win the Noble Prize in two scientific fields. Her husband, Pierre Curie, was a co-winner on her first Noble Prize, the first ever married couple to win the Noble Prize and she was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris in 1906.

NOVEMBER 06 2021

6 November 1860- Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th president of USA.

Abraham Lincoln was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865.He was elected as the president on 6 November 1860,led the nation through the American Civil War and succeeded in preserving the Union, abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government and modernizing the US economy.

NOVEMBER 05 2021

5 November 1851- Telegraph Services started in India.

The first Telegraph line was opened on 5 November 1851 in India between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour, a distance of 48kms by the British East India Company and the first telegram was opened and sent from Mumbai to Pune in 1854.The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse,which revolutionized long distance communication, worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. After a long period of 160 years, the telegraph service ended in 2013.

.5 November- birth anniversary of Chittaranjan Das , known as Deshbandhu .

.Chittaranjan Das , born on 5 November 1870 and died on 16 June 1925,popularly called Deshbandhu (friend of the nation) was an Indian freedom fighter political activist and lawyer during the Indian independence movement and founder leader of the Swaraj Party. His name is abbreviated as C R Das .

NOVEMBER 04 2021

Diwali,* _Festival of Lights._ 3 November this year.

*Diwali* is an Indian festival of lights ,usually lasting five days and celebrated during the Hindu Lunisolar month *Kartika* . One of the most popular festival of Hinduism, Diwali symbolizes the spiritual "victory of light over darkness, good over evil and knowledge over ignorance".

NOVEMBER 03 2021

3 November 1838- *The Times of India* was founded.

*The Times of India* is an English language daily newspaper, the third largest in India by circulation and the second oldest Indian newspaper published on 3 November 1838.lt is also the largest selling English-language daily in the world and in 2019,it was rated as the most trusted English newspaper. Near the beginning of the 20th century, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, called the newspaper "the leading paper in Asia" and in 1991,the BBC ranked The Times of India among the world's six best newspapers.

NOVEMBER 02 2021

.2 November 1917- The *Balfour Declaration* ,a national home for the Jewish people.

The Balfour Declaration* was a public statement issued by the British government on 2 November 1917 during the First World War announcing support for the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. The declaration from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary *Arthur Balfour* to Lord Rothschild, a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland.

2 November- birth day of *Shah Rukh Khan* _, " _the Baadshah of Bollywood"

Shah Rukh Khan* , born on 2 November 1965,is an Indian actor and film producer who works in Hindi films, referred in the media as the Baadshah of Bollywood or King of Bollywood.He appeared in more than 80 films and earned numerous accolades including 14 Filmfare Awards, Ordre des Arts et des Letters from the Government of France and Padma Shri from the Government of India. In terms of audience and income, he has been described as one of the most successful film stars in the world.

NOVEMBER 01 2021

.1 November- *Kerala Day or Kerala Piravi*

*Kerala Day* also referred to as *Kerala Piravi* , marks the birth of Kerala in Southern India on 1 November 1956. Prior to 1956,Kerala had been divided into three regions:Malabar, Cochin and Travancore merged to form the state of Kerala under the *State Reorganisation Act* .

1 November- birth anniversary of *Alfred Wegener* ,originator of Continental Drift Hypothesis.

Alfred Lothar Wegener* , born on 1 November 1880 and died- November 1930 was a German polar researcher,geophysicist and meteorologist remembered as the originator of *Continental Drift hypothesis.* His hypothesis was controversial and widely rejected until 1950s,later numerous discoveries provided strong support for continental drift, and thereby a substantial basis for today's *Plate Tectonics Theory.*

OCTOBER 31 2021

31 October- *National Unity Day,* birth anniversary of *Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel* ..

*National Unity Day* or *Rashtriya Ekta Diwas* is celebrated on 31st October every year since 2014 to commemorate the birth anniversary of *Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel* ,known as the *"Iron Man of India".* Patel was a freedom fighter, later India's first deputy Prime Minister who played a major role in persuading over 500 princely states and integrated all princely state into the newly independent India.

31 October 1984- *Indira Gandhi was assassinated*.

Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi* was assassinated on 31 October 1984 at her residence in Safdarjung Road, New Delhi. She was killed by her bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh in the aftermath of *Operation Blue Star* . Operation Blue Star was an Indian military action carried out between 1 and 8 June 1984, ordered by Indira Gandhi to remove Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers from the holy Golden temple in Ameristar, Punjab.

OCTOBER 30 2021

30 October- birthday anniversary of Homi J Bhabha , "Father of Indian Nuclear Programme"..

Homi Jehangir Bhabha , born on 30th October 1909, was an Indian nuclear physicist, founder director and proffessor of Physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Bhabha was the founding director of the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay, which is now named as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour. He was known as the "Father of Indian nuclear programme" , and was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1954.

30 October- birth anniversary of Maradona , "The Golden Boy"

Diego Armando Maradona , born on 30 October 1960 and died on 25 November 2020, was an Argentine professional football player and manager, widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the sport and was one of the two joint winners of the FIFA Player of the 20th century award. His vision, passing, ball control and his leadership on the field, given him the nickname "The Golden Boy"

OCTOBER 28 2021

.28 October 1886- The Statue of Liberty was dedicated..

The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the people of France to the United States as a symbol of the Franco-American friendship and is recognized as a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. It was dedicated on 28 October 1886 and was designated as a National Monument in 1924.It is made up with 31 tons of copper and 125 tons of steel, located in New York.It is a Statue of a woman holding a torch in her right hand and a tablet in her left hand with the date of the Declaration of Independence-July 4, 1776.

.28 October- birthday of Bill Gates .

William Henry Gates lll ,known as Bill Gates, born in USA on 28 October 1955,is an American business magnate, software developer, author, philanthropist and co- founder of Microsoft along with friend late Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, CEO,President and also the largest individual shareholder until 2014.He is considered one of the best known entrepreneurs of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.

OCTOBER 27 2021

.27 October 1971- Republic of Congo renamed as Zaire .

The Democratic Republic of Congo is a country in Central Africa,the second largest country in Africa, with its capital Kinshasa. The country is widely considered to be richest by its natural resources, but the second- poorest country in the world because of civil wars, disease and colonization. Germany colonized East Africa during the 1880s and ended during World War l, and Belgium colonized Congo until it became independent in 1960.On 27 October 1971,the Nation's name changed to Zaire and it is a member of the United Nations,Non-Aligned Movement and African Union.

27 October- birth anniversary of Sri K R NARAYANAN, the 10th President of India. No postage stamps issued yet.

Kocheril Raman Narayanan , born on 27 October 1920 in Kottayam Kerala and died on 9 November 2005,was the tenth President of India and the first Dalit, and the first Malayali, to have been President. After his studies at the London School of Economics, his career in India began as a member of the Indian Foreign Service under the Nehru administration. He served as ambassador to Japan, United Kingdom, Thailand, Turkey, China and USA.He also served as a Minister of State under the Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.K R Narayanan was elected as the ninth Vice- president in 1992 and became the President of India in 1997.

OCTOBER 26 2021

26 October 1947- Accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India ..

26 October 1947 was the Accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India , this day is also known as "Accession Day". After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947 August 15, both countries were angling to assimilate Jammu and Kashmir into their respective territories, but Maharaja Hari Singh, the Hindu ruler of the Muslim-majority princely state, was not committing to either side. Later with diplomatic activity, the Maharaja finally signed the Instrument of Accession (a legal document under the Indian Independence Act of 1947).On 26 October 1947 Jammu and Kashmir accede to the Dominion of India.

OCTOBER 25 2021

25 October- birth anniversary of Pablo Picasso . .

Pablo Ruiz Picasso , born on 25 October 1881 and died on 8 April 1973, was a Spanish painter, sculptor,printmaker, ceramicist and theater designer, regarded as one of the most influential artists of 20th century. Among his most famous works Girl before a Mirror (1932),the Guernica (1937),a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War, the Weeping Woman (1937)were some of them.

OCTOBER 24 2021

24 October- World Polio Day .

Poliomyelitis ,commonly shortened to Polio ,is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus which affect the central nervous system, muscle weakness resulting in a flaccid paralysis.The weakness most often involves the legs,but less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck and diaphram.In those with muscle weakness, about 2 to 5 percent of children and 15 to 30 percent of adults die.The day is held on 24 October in celebration of the birth of Jonas Salk ,the American researcher who developed the first Polio vaccine in 1955,and the day was established by Rotary International.

24 October- UN DAY.

United Nations Day is an annual commemorative day, reflecting the official creation of the United Nations on 24 October 1945.The day was declared in 1947 UN General Assembly to making known to the people of the world, the aims and achievements of the UN and gaining their support.In 1972,the UN General Assembly decided to institute a World Development Information Day on October 24,coinciding with UN Day, drawing attention of world public opinion each year to development problems and strengthening international co-operation to solve them.

OCTOBER 23 2021

23 October- birthday of Pele,Football Guinness World Record holder.

Edson Arantes do Nascimento , known as Pele born on 23 October 1940, is a Brazilian former professional Footballer regarded as one of the greatest players of all time and labeled "the greatest" by FIFA.In1999 he was named- Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee and was included in the Time list of the 100 most important people of the 20th century.He won three FIFA World Cups:1958,1962 and1970 ,the only player to do so and his total of 1279 goals in 1363 games is recognised as a Guinness World Record.

OCTOBER 22 2021

22 October 2008- Chandrayan I was launched.

Alfred Bernhard Nobel , born on 21 October 1833 and died on10 December 1896,was a Swedish chemist, engineer and an inventor, held 355 patents and Dynamite being the most famous. The synthetic element Nobelium was named after him. Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prize on 27 November 1895 to award annually with out distinction of nationality in the Five fields - Physical Science, Chemistry, Medical Science, Literary Works and International Fraternity/Peace. Linus Pauling is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prize, in1954- Chemistry and in 1962-Nobel Peace Prize.

OCTOBER 21 2021

21 October- birth anniversary of Alfred Nobel , founder of Noble..

Alfred Bernhard Nobel , born on 21 October 1833 and died on10 December 1896,was a Swedish chemist, engineer and an inventor, held 355 patents and Dynamite being the most famous. The synthetic element Nobelium was named after him. Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prize on 27 November 1895 to award annually with out distinction of nationality in the Five fields - Physical Science, Chemistry, Medical Science, Literary Works and International Fraternity/Peace. Linus Pauling is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prize, in1954- Chemistry and in 1962-Nobel Peace Prize.

OCTOBER 20 2021

October 20- World Statistics Day .

World Statistics Day is an international day to celebrate statistics every year on 20 October ,created by the United Nations Statistical Commission.It was first celebrated on 20 October 2010 and 103 countries celebrate the day including 51 African countries

OCTOBER 19 2021

19 October- birth anniversary of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian American Noble Prize winner.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ,born on 19 October 1910 in Lahore, British India and died on 21 August 1995 in Chicago USA,was an Indian American astrophysicist in United States. He was awarded the 1983 Noble Prize for Physics with William A Fowler for- theoretical studies in the structure and evolution of the stars. His contributions in Stellar Structure and evolution of stars, White Dwarfs Stars and their mass limit-( the Chandrasekhar limit is named after him),mathematical theory of Black Holes and the theory of Colliding Gravitational Waves were most remarkable ones

OCTOBER 18 2021

18 October 1867, Alaska becomes a part of the United States of America..

The United States purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire for the sum of $7.2 million dollars on March 1867.The formal flag- raising took place on 18 October 1867 and the official account of the affair presented by General Lovell Rousseau to Secretary of State William H Seward.

18 October 1922- The British Broadcasting Company formed..

The British Broadcasting Company Ltd (BBC) was a commercial company founded on 18 October 1922 in United Kingdom, by British and American electrical companies.Later on 31 December 1926,the company was dissolved with its assets to the crown- chartered British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

8 October- birth day of Mrtina Navratilova .

Martina Navratilova , born on 18 October 1956,is a Czech- American former professional tennis player and coach, widely considered among the greatest female players of all time. She won 18 Grand Slam single titles, 31 major women's doubles titles and 10 major mixed doubles titles,record for the most Grand Slam titles won by a single player. She reached the Wimbledon singles final 12 times and won the women's single title at Wimbledon, record of nine consecutive years from 1982 to 1990.

OCTOBER 17 2021

17 October- International Day for Eradication of Poverty .

The International Day for the Eradication of Poverty is an internationl observance each year on October 17 throughout the world. The first commemoration of the event took place in Paris, France in 1987 when 100,000 people gathered to honor victims of poverty, hunger, violence and fear. In 1992,the United Nations officially designated October 17 as the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty.

OCTOBER 16 2021

16 October- World Food Day .

World Food Day coins- 10 Paise, 20 Paise &100 Rupees....World Food Day is an international day celebrated every year on 16 October to commemorate the date of the founding of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization in 1945.The day is concerned with hunger and food security, including the World Food Programme. The World Food Programme received the Noble Prize in Peace in 2020 for their efforts to combat hunger, contribute to peace in conflict areas and for the leading role in stopping weapons for war and conflict.The theme of World Food Day in 2021 is " Safe food now for a healthy tomorrow ".

OCTOBER 15 2021

.15 October- birth anniversary of Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam.

First Day Cover issued on 15 October 2015...Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam , born on 15 October 1931 in Rameswaram,Tamil Nadu and died on 27 July 2015,was an Indian aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007.He served as scientist Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)and in the Missile Development Program ,thus came to be known as Missile Man of India, for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicles technology. He also played a pivotal role in the first nuclear test in 1974 and Pokhran-ll nuclear test 1998.He was awarded- Padma Bhushan in 1981,Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and Bharat Ratna in 1997. The United Nations celebrate his birthday as the World Students Day across the globe from 2010.

15 October- White Cane Safety Day..

White Cane Safety Day is celebrated on 15 October each year since 1964, as a symbol for blind and visually impaired.White Cane is an important mobility tool and a symbol of independence,freedom and confidence to the blind people to move freely. The day was first marked in United States in 1964 by the President Lyndon B Johnson and the day now recognises worldwide, the movement of blind from dependency to active participation in society.

OCTOBER 14 2021

Second Thursday of October (14th October this year) World Sight Day..

World Sight Day is an annual awareness held on the second Thursday of October, to focus global attention on vision impairment, including blindness. This year, the day will take place with the theme- Love Your Eyes. Globally, at least 1 billion people have vision impairment with the majority being over the age of 50. Unoperated cataract,uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, infectious diseases of eye, trauma are some of the major causes leading the vision impairment.

OCTOBER 13 2021

13 October- International Day for Disaster Reduction..

The International Day for Disaster Reduction (IDDR)is an international day that encourages every citizens and government to take part in building more disaster - resilient communities and nations. In 2009 the United Nations General Assembly designed October 13 as the official date for the International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction.

13 October- birth anniversary of Ashok Kumar.

Kumudlal Ganguly ,known by his stage name Ashok Kumar , born on 13 October 1911 and died on 10 December 2001,was an Indian film actor who attained iconic status in Indian cinema.He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Academi Award in 1959,Filmfare Award for Best Actor, the National Film Award for Best Actor in 1969 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award,the highest national award for cinema artists, in 1988.He was honoured the Padma Shri in 1962 and the Padma Bhushan in 1999, by the Government of India, for his contributions to Indian cinema.

OCTOBER 12 2021

12 October- Columbus Day..

Columbus Day is a national holiday in many countries of Americas and a federal holiday in the United States, which officially celebrates the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas on 12 October 1492.His first voyage was in search of an alternative route to the Far East ,on the Spanish ships- Santa Maria, Nina and La Pinta, but only landed in the New World initiated the colonisation of Americas by Spain and followed by other European powers.

OCTOBER 11 2021

11 October- *International Day of the Girl Child*..

International Day of the Girl Child* is observed on 11 October, from 2012 onwards, by the United Nations to support more opportunity for girls and increases awareness of gender inequality faced by girls worldwide based upon their gender. This inequality includes areas such as access to education, nutrition, legal rights, medical care,protection from discrimination, violence against women and forced child marriage. The day also reflects the successful emergence of girls in development policy, programming, campaigning and research.

11 October- birth day of *Amitabh Bachchan* ,

*Amitabh Bachchan* , born on 11 October 1942,is a renowned Indian film actor gained popularity in the early 1970s in Bollywood, referred to as the "Shahenshah of Bollywood","Superstar of the Millennium" or "Big B".He has since appeared in over 180 Indian films in a career spanning more than four decades.He won numerous accolades, including four National Awards as Best actor,Dadasaheb Phalke Award and sixteen Filmfare Awards. Apart from the film awards, the Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri in 1984,the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2015.

OCTOBER 10 2021

10 October- *World Mental Health Day.*..

*World Mental Health Day* is an international day for global mental health education, awareness and advocay against social stigma. It was first celebrated in 1992 under the initiative of the World Federation for Mental Health,a global mental health organization, participated by more than 150 countries.

OCTOBER 09 2021

9 October- *World Post Day*..

*World Post Day* is celebrated each year on 9 October. On this day in 1874,the Universal Postal Union (UPU) was established in Berne, Switzerland and in1969 UPU Congress held in Tokyo, Japan, declared 9 October as World Post Day. The UPU currently has 192 member countries with work towards making postal communication and seamless and economical. The purpose of this day is to create awareness about the role of the postal sector in the lives of people and businesses and its contributions to the social and economic development of countries.

OCTOBER 08 2021

.8 October- Indian Airforce Day.

The Indian Airforce is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the British Empire in India.After India gained independence in 1947,the name Royal Indian Airforce changed to Indian Airforce.The notable operations by the Indian Airforce are Indo-Pakistani War of 1947,Indo-Pakistani War of 1965,Operation Meghdoot,Kargil War, 2019 Balakot.....

OCTOBER 07 2021

7 October- birthday of Desmond Tutu ,won Noble Peace Prize...

Desmond Mpilo Tutu is a South African Anglican cleric and theologian, known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist. He emerged as one of the most prominent opponents of South Africa's apartheid system of racial segregation and white-minority rule.He was the Bishop of Johannesburg from 1985 to 1986 and then the Archbishop of Cape Town from 1986 to 1996, in both cases being the first black African to hold the position. He was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1984,Gandhi Peace Prize and many other prizes.

OCTOBER 06 2021

6 October- birth anniversary of Meghnad Shah, Indian astrophysicist...

Meghnad Saha , born on 6 October 1893 and died on 16 February 1956,was an Indian astrophysicist who developed the Saha ionization equation used to describe chemical and physical conditions in stars. His work helped astronomers to accurately relate the spectral classes of stars to their actual temperature. Shah invented an instrument to measure the weight and pressure of solar rays.He was a leading spirit in organizing several scientific societies such as, National Academy of Science (1934) and Indian Institute of Science (1935).The Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, founded in 1943 in Kolkata,is named after him.Saha was the chief architect of river planning in Indian and prepared the original plan for the Damodar Valley Project. He was elected to the Parliament of Indian in 1952.

OCTOBER 05 2021

.5 October- World Teacher's Day ..

World Teacher's Day ,also known as International Teachers Day,held annually on 5 October, aims to focus on "appreciating, assessing and improving the educators of the world" and to consider issues related to teachers and teaching. The day was established in 1966 by the UNESCO and 5th October has been officially recognized as World Teacher's Day, but the Day has been celebrated variously in countries around the world.

OCTOBER 04 2021

4 October- World Animal Day. .

World Animal Day aims to create humankind with animal life in all its forms and acknowledge the diverse roles that animals play in our lives and be thankful for the way in which they enrich our lives. The day was initiated by animal protection activist Heinrich Zimmermann, in 1925 in Berlin, Germany.In 1931 the International Animal Protection Congress held in Florence Italy proposed to make October 4 as World Animal Day.

4 October 1957- Sputnik l, the world' first artificial Earth satellite, launched by USSR..

Sputnik l was the first artificial Earth satellite launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the USSR on 4 October 1957, as a part of Soviet space program. The satellite travelled at a peak speed of about 8km/second,taking 96.20 minutes to complete each orbit. The signals continued 21 days until the transmitter batteries ran out on 26 October. It burned up on 4 January 1958 while reentering Earth's atmosphere.

OCTOBER 03 2021

3 October 1990- Germany Reunified .

German Reunification was the process in1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR) or East Germany became a part of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) or West Germany to form the reunited nation of Germany. The 1945 Potsdam Agreement, after the World War ll, Germany was partitioned with exact boundaries as GDR and FRG by the Berlin Wall by the four occupying powers- Soviet Union, United States of America, England and France. In 1990,by the "Two Plus Four Treaty" (Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany) granting full sovereignty to a unified German State and Germany was reunified on 3 October 1990.

3 October 2010 , 19th Commonwealth Games started in India

The 2010 Commonwealth Games, known as the XIX Commonwealth Games was an international multi-sport event that was held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010.A total of 4352 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events, making it the largest Commonwealth Games to date. The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi, the main stadium of the event. The final medal tally was led by Australia with 74 golds and 177 most medals overall and the host nation Indian achieved its best performance ever at the Commonwealth Games, finishing second overall by winning 38 golds and 101 total medals.

OCTOBER 02 2021

2 October- Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non- Violence .

The first postage stamp issued by England in honor of Mahatma Gandhi in 1969 and he is also the first foreigner appeared in the postage stamp of England...Gandhi Jayanti is the birth day of Mahatma Gandhi celebrated on 2 October and it is one of the three national holidays in India. The United Nations General Assembly in 2007,declared that 2 October will be celebrated as the International Day of Non-violence.Gandhiji is known as the " Father of The Nation " and title was given to him by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose for his relentless struggles for our independence.

OCTOBER 01 2021

1st October- International Day of Older Persons.

In 1990 the United Nations established October 1 as the International Day of Older Persons and was first observed on 1 October 1991.The day is celebrated by raising awareness and empathy regarding the well-being of the elderly and about issues affecting the elderly. The day also appreciate the contributions that older people make to society.

1st Friday of October- World Smile Day ..

A commercial artist, Harvey Ball, created the smiley face in 1963 and the image became the most recognizable symbol of good will and good cheer on the planet. Harvey's idea was that for at least one day each year should be celebrated as smile day and he declared that the first Friday in October each year would be World Smile Day and was first held in 1999.

september 30 2021

30 September- World Translation Day.

International Translation Day is a day recognising the role of professional translation in connecting nations. The United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution on 24 May 2017 declaring 30 September as International Translation Day. The day pay tribute to the work of language professionals who help in promoting cultural heritage and mutual respect in our changing world. The day also plays an important role in bringing nations together, contributing to the development and strengthening world peace and security and protecting the Indigenous languages that are in danger of disappearing.

september 29 2021

29 September- World Heart Day .

World Heart Day was created in 2000 to inform people around the globe that heart disease and stroke are the world's leading cause of death, claiming 17.3 million lives each year and the numbers are rising.

29 September 1959- Arati Saha, the first Asian who swim across the English Channel..

Arati Gupta Saha , born on 24 September 1940 and died on 23 August 1994,was an Indian Bengali long distance swimmer,best known for becoming the first Asian woman to swim across the English Channel on 29 September 1959.In 1960, she became the first Indian sports woman to be awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian honour in India. She was inspired by the Indian swimmer Mihir Sen to try to cross the English Channel.

september 28 2021

28 September- World Rabies Day...World Rabies Day- death anniversary of Louis Pasteur, the invetor of Rabies vaccine

World Rabies Day is an international awareness campaign for rabies control, observed by the United Nations on 28 September, the death anniversary of Louis Pasteur, who first developed rabies vaccine. The day aims to raise awareness about the impact of rabies on humans and animals, how to prevent the disease and efforts for its control.

28 September- Freedom from Hunger Day..

The first Freedom from Hunger Day was held on 28 September 2006 to increase awareness about global hunger.Under the auspicious of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO),a world wide Freedom From Hunger campaign was launched in 1960 to focus public attention upon on the continuing problem of hunger. Government of Indian have set up a National Committee with the objective of increasing agricultural production and distribution to solve the problem of hunger and malnutrition.

september 27 2021

27 September- World Tourism Day...

World Tourism Day is celebrated on 27 September by the United Nations World Tourism Organization since 1980. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness on the role of tourism within the international community and to demonstrate how it affects social, cultural, political and economic values worldwide. The day has different themes like -sustainable tourism in 2017,tourism and the digital transformation in 2018,tourism and job: a better future for all in 2019 ,tourism and rural evelopment in 2020 and in this year 2021,the theme is:Tourism for Inclusive Growth.

september 26 2021

26 September- birth anniversary of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar ,the father of Bengali prose..

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar , born on 26 September 1820 and died on 29 July 1891,was an Indian educator and social reformer.His efforts to simplify and modernice Bengali prose were significant and earned him the title "father of Bengali prose" .His most prominent campaign for Hindu widow remarriage, made Lord Dalhousie to pass the Hindu Widow's Remarriage Act in 1856.The Sanskrit College in Calcutta, where he studied, gave him the honorific title "Vidyasagar" ,in Sanskrit ,meaning "Ocean of knowledge".

26 September-birth anniversary of T S Eliot .,Noble laureate in Literature..

Thomas Stearns Eliot ,born on 26 September 1888 in USA and died on 4 February 1956,was a poet, essayist publisher, play writer,literary critic and editor, considered one of the major poets in the 20th century. He became a British citizen in 1927.His first poem "The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock" in 1915 was a masterpiece, followed by some of the best known poems in the English language, including "The Waste Land" in 1922,"The Hollow Quartets" in 1943.He was also known for his seven plays,particularly "Murder in the Cathedral" in 1935,and "The Cocktail Party"in 1949.He was awarded the Noble Prize in Literature in 1948.

Today,last Sunday of September- National Daughters Day..

National Daughters Day is a day celebrated on the last Sunday of September and the year it falls on 26 September. Although we don't really need a reason to celebrate our children, it's nice to be given the opportunity to pay our daughters some extra attention and show how much they are loved. Happy wishes to all daughters

september 25 2021

25 September 1743,the Unification of Nepal began..

Nepalese One Mohar silver,King Prithvi Narayan Shah.....The Unification of Nepal officially begin in 25 September 1743 AD after King Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha launched an aggressive annexation and moved his hilly capital in Gorkha to the fertile and wealthy city of Kathmandu and adopted the name Nepal for the entire Gorkha Empire..

25 September- World Pharmacist Day..

World Pharmacist Day is observed across the world on 25 September, to promote their commitment in improving health in all parts of the world. The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)came into existence on 25 September 1912.

september 24 2021

24 September- World Maritime Day..

The World Maritime Day is observed on 24 September every year to appreciate the importance of maritime industry and to underline the importance of maritime security, maritime environment, safety and shipping. Maritime comes from the Latin word maritimus , which means "of the sea" and was first observed in 1978.Shipping is the most efficient and low-cost means of transportation for most goods all over the world and around 70% of India's trading in value terms are carried through it.

september 23 2021

23 September- Autumnal equinox or September equinox..

The equinox may be taken to mark the end of astronomical summer and the beginning of astronomical autumn (autumnal equinox)in the Northern Hemisphere. This happens on a day when the duration of the day and the night are equal. The word " equinox " comes from Latin, aequus meaning " equal " and " nox " meaning " night ".

23 September- International Week of Deaf.

International Week of the Deaf is celebrated annually across the world during the last full week of September since 2009.In 2018,it was celebrated together with the official International Day of Sing Languages,declared by the United Nations, for the first time.

september 22 2021

22 September- birth anniversary of Michael Faraday , father of Electricity .

England's 20 Pounds currency depicting Michael Faraday...Michael Faraday , born on 22 September 1791 and died on 25 August 1867,was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.His main discoveries include the principles of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis. Faraday's inventions formed the foundation of electric motor technology. As a chemist,he discovered 'benzene ',popularised terminology such as 'anode', 'cathode', 'electrode' and 'ion'. Faraday is regarded as the father of Electricity .

22 September- National Ccntenarian's Day..

National Centenarians Day is observed annually on September 22,to honor those who have reached the age of 100. The day was proclaimed as a time to partake in the rich history and wisdom shared by centenarians .As per the United Nations estimation, the highest number of Centenarians in the world is in USA and Japan comes second.The oldest living person recorded was Jeanne Calment of France, 122 years when she died in 1997 and the world's oldest person now is 188 years old Kane Tanka of Japan.

september 21 2021

21 September- International Day of Peace.*Samadi of *Sree Narayana Guru ..

The International Day of Peace officially known as World Peace Day is observed annually by the United Nations on 21 September. It is dedicated to world peace, specifically the absence of war and violence. The day was first celebrated in 1981,the samadi (Passing away)day of Great Guru Sree Narayana Guru and is kept by many nations,political groups and people. To inaugurate the day, the United Nations Peace Bell is rung at UN Headquarters in New York.

september 20 2021

20 September 1946- *Cannes Film Festival* founded...

The *Cannes Film Festival* , called the International Film Festival, is an annual festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres from all around the world. It has its origin in 1938 by the proposal of the French Minister of National Education, Jean Zay ,historian Philippe Erlanger and film journalist Robert Favre Le Bret and founded it on 20 September 1946 with the award- _Palme d'Or,Grand Prix_ .It is one of the 'Big Five' major International film festivals- the Venice Film Festival in Italy, the Berlin International Film Festival in Germany, the Toronto International Film Festival in Canada and the Sundance Film Festival in the United States.

september 19 2021

19 September 86 AD,birth anniversary of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius ..

Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius. Denarius, coin struck in 140 AD with portrait of the Emperor on obverse and his adoptive son Marcus Aurelius on reverse.Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius , born on 19 September 86 AD and died on 7 March 161,was Roman emperor from 138 to 161 and was one of the Five Good Emperors from the Nerva-Antonine dynasty. His reign is notable for the peaceful state of the empire with no major revolts, construction of the Antonine Wall to Scotland,free access to drinking water throughout the Empire and leaving his successors- adopted sons- Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus , a large surplus in the treasury...

september 18 2021

18 September- birth anniversary of *Edwin M McMillan* , Nobel laureate in Chemistry..

*Edwin Mattison McMillan* , born on 18 September 1907 and died on 7 September 1991,was an American physicist and Noble laureate credited with being the first- ever to produce a transuranium element, *_neptunium_* and was awarded the Noble Prize in Chemistry in 1951. Edwin earned his doctorate from Princeton University in 1933,and joined the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, where he discovered _Oxygen- 15_ and _Beryllium- 10...

september 17 2021

17 September- birth anniversary of *M F Husain* , *_the Indian Picasso._*.

Maqbool Fida Husain* ,known as Indian Picasso, born on 17 September 1915 and died on 9 June 2011,was an Indian artist known for vibrantly coloured painting in a modified Cubist style. He was one of the most celebrated and internationally recognised Indian artist of the 20th century and was one of the founding members of Bombay Progressive Artists Group. He was awarded Padma Shri in 1966,Padma Bhushan in 1973,Padma Vibhushan in 1991,Raja Ravi Varma Award in 2007,National Art Award in 2004 by Lalit Kala Academia,New Delhi and International Biennale Award in 1959,Tokyo.

september 16 2021

16 September- *Ozone Day* , International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer.

September 16 was designated by the United Nations General Assembly as the *International Day for the Preservation of the *Ozone Layer* .* commemorating the date of the signing, in 1987,of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The closure of the hole in the ozone layer was observed 30 years after the protocol was signed..

16 September-birth anniversary of *M S Subbulakshmi* .United Nations emblem type postage stamp issued in 2016 honoring MS Subbulakshmi.

*Madhuri Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi,* born on 16 September 1916 and died on 11 December 2004,was an Indian leading exponent of classical and semi- classical Carnatic singer from Tamil Nadu.She was the First Indian who performed in United Nations General Assembly in 1966 and the first musician ever to be awarded the *_Bharat Ratna_* in 1998,India's highest civilian honour. She was also the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award, often considered Asia's Noble Prize, in 1974. Subbulakshmi was also honored by Padma Bhushan- in1954,Sangeet Natak Academy Award- in 1956,Sangeetha Kalanidhi- in 1968,Padma Vibhushan -in 1975,Kalidas Samman- in1988 and Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration -in 1990..

september 15 2021

15 September- International Day of Democracy ..

The United Nations General Assembly resolved to observe 15 September as the International Day of Democracy ,with the purpose of promoting and uploading principles of democracy.In September 1997 the Inter- Parliamentary Union adopted a Universal Declaration on Democracy ,affirms the principles of democracy,the elements and exercise of democratic government.

15 September- birth anniversary of Dr. M Visvesvaraya. Engineers Day.

A special Cover released by Karnataka Postal department, in 2010, in the 150th birth anniversary celebration of Bharat Ratna Sir Visvesvaraya.Engineer's Day is a homage to commemorate one of India's finest engineer's ,Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya ,born on 15 September 1861 in Andhra Pradesh and died on 14 April 1962. His contributions in the field of flood disaster management, modern irrigation techniques,architect behind Krishnasagar dam, establishing the famous Government Engineering College in 1917, now known as University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering were some of them. In his later stages, he served as the Diwan of Mysore, his famous books were- Reconstructing India and Planned Economy of India. Visvesvaraya has been referred as "precursor of economic planning in India,and was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1955..

september 14 2021

14 September 1960- OPEC founded..

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC ),is an intergovernmental organization of 13 countries .It was founded on 14 September 1960 by the first five members- Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela and its headquarters in Vienna,Austria since 1965,although Austria is not an OPEC member state.As per 2018 ,these 13 member countries produce 44 percent of global oil production and have a major influence on global oil prices..

14 September-Hindi Day..

Hindi Day or Hindi Diwas is celebrated every year on 14 September making the declaration of Hindi language as official language of Union government of India.The Constituent Assembly, on 14 September 1949 agreed to adopt Hindi in the Devanagari script as the Official Language and when the Constitution came into force on 26th January 1950,provision was made for this under *Article 343(1).*Nine lndian States have official language Hindi- Bihar, Chhattisgarh,Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and the Union territory of Chandigarh and the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

september 13 2021

13 September 1948- Operation Polo ,police action to annex Princely State Hyderabad to Indian Union. Hyderabad Nizam postage stamp. .

Hyderabad Nizam hundred rupee currency.Hyderabad Nizam silver one rupee...As per the Indian Independence Act 1947,almost all Princely States had acceded to either Indian union or Pakistan. One major exception was that of the wealthiest and most powerful principality Hyderabad, ruled by the Nizam , Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan Asaf Jah VII, a Muslim ruler.In 13 September 1948, Operation Polo , a military operation in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the Nizam- ruled Princely state, annexing it into the Indian Union.

september 12 2021

12 September- birth anniversary of Jesse Owen's ,four- time gold medalist in Olympic Games.. .

James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens ,born on 12 September 1913 and died on 31 March 1980,was an American track and field athlete and four-time gold medalist in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games,recognized in his life time as 'perhaps the greatest and most famous athlete in track and field history '.He achieved international fame by winning four gold medals in 100 metres, long jump, 200 metres and 4×100 metres relay,set three world records, all in less than an hour- has been called "the greatest 45 minutes ever in sports "and was also credited with-single handedly crushing Hitler's myth of Aryan supremacy

september 11 2021

11 September-2001- World Trade Center Attack.

The September 11 attacks were a series of four terrorist attacks by the militant Islamic terrorist group al- Qaeda against the United States of America on the morning of September 11 ,2001 at the World Trade Center,killing 2753 people. The NATO invaded Afghanistan in order to remove the Taliban regime and capture al- Qaeda forces.

september 10 2021

10 September- birth anniversary of *Ranjitsinhji* , the *_Renji Trophy_* was founded for his memory. .

*Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji ll,* known as *Renji* ,born on 10 September 1872 and died on 2 April 1933,was the ruler of the Indian princely state of Nawanagar from 1907 to 1933 and a noted Test Cricketer who played for the English cricket team and also played for Cambridge University. After his death, the Board of Control for Cricket in India(BCCI)started the Ranji Trophy in 1934.The trophy was donated by Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala,today it remains a domestic first- class cricket championship played in India between different states.

september 09 2021

.9 September- birth anniversary of *Leo Tolstoy* .

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy* ,known as *Leo Tolstoy* , born on 9 September 1828 and died on 20 November 1910,was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. His notable works include _War and Peace_ , _Anna Karenina_ , __The Death of Ivan Ilyich,_ _The Kingdom of God is Within You_ ...He received nomination for the Noble Prize in Literature and Noble Peace Prize every year from 1902 to 1906,that he never won is a major controversy..

september 08 2021

8 September- International Literacy Day.

Postage stamp issued by Afghanistan in 2006.International Literacy Day is observed annually on 8 September since 1967,declared by UNESCO in its General Conference in 1966.The aim is to highlight the importance of Literacy to individuals, communities and societies.Some 775 million people lack minimum literacy, one in five adults are still not literate and two-third of them are women. According to UNESCO's Global Monitoring report, would literacy rate is 86.3%,India-77.7% and the least- South Sudan -27% followed by Afghanistan 28%.In India, Kerala has a literacy rate of 96.2% while the least is in Behar-63.82%..

september 07 2021

.7 September- birth anniversary of Neeraj Bharat,posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra Award.

Neeraj Bhanot ,born on 7 September 1963 in Chandigarh, Indian and died on 5 September 1986 at the age of 22 (just two days before her 23rd birthday)in Karachi Airport, Pakistan, while saving the passengers from a flight hijacked by terrorists.She was shot while helping passengers escape through the emergency exits.Posthumously,she became the youngest recipient of India's highest peacetime gallantry, the Ashoka Chakra Award in 1987,Human kindness Award-1987 Pakistan,Heroism Award 1987 United States, Special Courage Award 2006 United States, Civil Aviation Ministry Award 2011-India and Bharat Gaurav Award presented at the House of Commons, UK Parliament in2016..

september 06 2021

6 September- birth day of Susumu Tonegawa ,Noble Prize winner for Medicine..

Susumu Tonegawa ,born on 6 September 1939,is a Japanese scientist and Molecular Biologist who won the Noble Prize for Medicine in 1987 for his discovery of the genetic mechanism_and work in _immunology that produces antibody diversity...

september 05 2021

5 September- Teacher Day, birthday of Dr. S Radhakrishnan..

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, born on 5 September 1888 and died on 17 April 1975,was an Indian academic, professor, philosopher and politician who served as the first Vice President of India from1952 to1962and the second President of India from1962 to1967.He became the first Indian to hold a professorial chair at the University of Oxford (1936-1952).He was also one of the founders of Helpage India ,a non-profit organization for elderly underprivileged in India.Radhakrishnan believed that "teacher should be the best minds in the country ".Since 1962,his birthday has been celebrated in India as Teachers Day on 5 September every year. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna , the highest civilian award in India,in 1954...

5 September- International Day of Charity...

The International Day of Charity is observed annually on 5 September, declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 2012.The prime purpose of the Day of Charity is to raise awareness and provide a common platform for charity related activities all over the world ..

september 04 2021

4 September- birth anniversary of Dadabhai Naoroji.

Dhadabhai Naoroji , born on 4 September 1825 and died on 30 June 1917,also known as the Grand Old Man of India and Unofficial Ambassador of India, was an Indian Politicial leader and scholar who was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895 and the first Asian to be a British MP. His book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India brought attention to his theory of the Indian wealth drain into Britain during the British rule in India.Naoroji was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress and renowned worker of it,elected thrice its president in- 1886,1893 and 1906...

september 03 2021

3 September- birth anniversary of Frank MacFarlane Burnet, Noble Prize winner for Medicine..

Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet ,born on 3 September 1899 and died on 31 August 1985,was an Australian virologist best known for his contribution to immunology . He won a Noble Prize in 1960 for predicting acquired immune tolerance and was the best known for developing the theory of clonal selection ..

september 02 2021

2 September- *World Coconut Day..

A day that celebrate the *World Coconut Day* " the Kalpavriksha " ,the Coconut Tree, is celebrated worldwide on 2nd September. The day aims to create awareness about the importance of coconut and promoting the development in its member countries.This day has been declared by the Asian and Pacific Coconut Community,an intergovernmental organization of 18 member Nations established in1969,(APCC)which has its headquarters at Jakarta, Indonesia. India is a founding member of PACC and the third largest coconut producer with Indonesia at the top...

september 01 2021

1 September 1939- *Second World War began.*.

The World War ll* was the biggest and deadliest war in history, involving more than 30 countries. It sparked by the *Nazi invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939,* the war dragged on for six bloody years until the Allies defeated Nazi Germany and Japan in 1945..

August 31 2021

31 August- birth anniversary of *Maria Montessori*.

Italian currency,1000 Lire,depicting Maria Montessori.Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori* , born on 31 August 1870 and died on 6 May 1952,was an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education and her writing on scientific pedagogy. Her education method is in use today in many public and private schools globally..

August 30 2021

30 August- birth anniversary of *J H Van't Hoff* ,founder of Physical Chemistry..

Jacobus Henricus "Henry" van 't Hoff* ,born on 30 August 1852 and died on 1 March 1911,was a Dutch physical chemist.His pioneering work helped the modern theory of chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics and chemical thermodynamics. He is one of the founders of physical chemistry and was awarded the Noble Prize for Chemistry in 1901..

Krishna Jayanti* ,also known as *Janmashtami* or *Gokulahtami* .

Krishna Jayanti* ,also known as *Janmashtami* or *Gokulahtami* ,is an annual Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of *Krishna* , the eighth _avatar_ of _Vishnu_ .It is observed according to the Hindu lunisolar calendar, on the eighth day- Ashtami in Shraavana..

August 29 2021

29 August- *National Sports Day,* birth anniversary of Indian hockey legend *Dhyan Chand.*.

National Sports Day* in India is celebrated on 29 August every year on the birth anniversary of Indian hockey legend *Dhyan Chand* . During the period from 1928 to 1956,Dhyan Chand won the gold Olympic medal 6 times. Legend has it that Hitler, impressed by Dhyan Chand's mastery of the game, offered him German citizenship and a higher rank than he had in the Indian Army. The lifetime achievement awards in sports,the Dhyan Chand Award was initiated in 2002,to those who have contributed during their career in sports..

29 August- birth anniversary of *Michael Jackson* .

Michael Joseph Jackson* ,born on 29 August 1958 and died on 25 June 2009,was an American singer, songwriter and dancer ,regarded as the King of Pop and one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. Over a four- decade career in music,complicated dance such as _moonwalk_ and fashion, made him a global figure.He is the most awarded music artist in history..

August 28 2021

28 August-birth anniversary of *Ayyankali* .

Sri Ayyan Kali* ,born on 28 August 1863 at Venganur,Thiruvananthapuram and died on 18 June 1941,was a social reformer who worked for the advancement of deprived untouchable people in the princely state of Travancore,in British India.His efforts influenced many changes that improved the social well-being of those people, who are today often referred to as _Dalits_ and *Mahatma Gandhi* visited him at Venganur in 1937 and appreciated him for the contributions towards the downtrodden.. He founded the organization- *Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham* and he later became a member of the _Sree Moolam Popular Assembly_ or Praja Sabha, the State Assembly by the Maharaja of Travancore..

August 27 2021

27 August- birth anniversary of Sir Donald Bradman , Australian Cricketer.

Sir Donald George Bradman, nicknamed as "The Don",born on 27 August 1908 and died on 25 February 2001,was an Australian international cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time. His career Test batting average of 99.94 has been cited as the greatest achievement by any sportsman in any major sport.

August 26 2021

26 August-birth anniversary of Saint Teresa..

A Hundred Rupees Commemorative Coin of Mother Teresa issued in 2010 ,on her Birth Centenary.Mother Mary Teresa, born on 26 August 1910 in Albania and died on 5 September 1997, in Calcutta, India, honoured in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary lived most of her life in Calcutta. She was awarded-Padma Shri in 1962 and Bharat Ratna in 1980 by the Government of India and awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979..

August 25 2021

25 August 1857- Capitan Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim across the English Channel.

Captain Matthew Webb, born on 19 January 1848 and died on 24 July 1883,was the first recorded person to swim across the English Channel ,without the use of artificial aid,on 25 August 1875.He swam from Dover in England to Calais in France,39 miles, in 21 hours and 45 minutes.

August 24 2021

24 August_ birth anniversary of K Kelappan..

Koyapalli Kelappan* ,popularly known as _Kerala Gandhi,_ born on 24 August 1889 and died on 7 October 1971,was an Indian politician, independence activist, educationist, journalists and a leading figure of Indian National Congress in Kerala during the Indian independence movement.He is the founding member and president of the Nair Service Society and was also the founder of Kerala Kshetra Samrakshana Samiti...

24 August-birth anniversary of *B G Kher,* the first Chief Minister of Bombay.

Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher,* born on 24 August 1888 and died on 8 March 1957,was an Indian Politician,lawyer and social worker who served as the first Chief Minister of Bombay State which consisted of present- day Maharashtra and Gujarat State.Kher was described as *Sajjan*,good and gentle and was awarded the Padma Vibhushan by the Government of Indian in 1954..

August 23 2021

23 August 1841- First Opium War fough between Britain and China..

The First Opium War,* also known as the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of wars fought from 23 August 1841,between Britain and the Qing dynasty of China to stop the banned opium trade in China. The British navy defeated China and made Hong Kong a British colony in 1841 until its handover on 1 July 1997...

23 August 1991- *World Wide Web* ( *WWW* ),invented by *Tim Berners-Lee* , was opened to the public..

English scientist *Tim Berners-Lee* invented the *World Wide Web* in 1989 and wrote the first web browser in 1990 and it was opened to the public on 23 August 1991.The Web is an information system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URL)which are interlinked and transferred by Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)and accessible over the internet.

August 21 2021

21 August - Onam is an annual harvest festival , the date is based on Panchangam which falls on the 22 nakshatra Thiruvonam in the month of Chingam of Malayalam calendarSangamon poem.

Onam is an annual harvest festival celebrated in Kerala, the official festival of the state, portrayed to King Mahabali, the benevolent ruler.The date is based on Panchangam which falls on the 22 nakshatra Thiruvonam in the month of Chingam of Malayalam calendar,the earliest known reference is found in Maturaikkaanci a Sangamon poem. The festival lasts for ten days, starting from Atham nakshatram to Thiruvonam.The festival include pookalam designs, onam sadya, snake boat races, traditional dances games, grand fests etc...

21 August- birth day of Usain Bolt.Many more happy returns of the day Mr.Usain

Usain St.Leo Bolt, born on 21 August 1986,is a retired Jamaican sprinter, widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time. He is the world record holder of 100 metres, 200 metres and 4×100 metres relay.

August 20 2021

20 August- Akshay Urja Diwas in India.

Akshay Urja diwas (renewable energy)is an awareness campaign about the development of renewable energy in India,celebrated on August 20 every year. The day commemorates the birthday of former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi and day was first organised at New Delhi in 2004.The main motive of the day is to make people aware to think about the renewable energy such as Biogas, Solar energy,Wind energy ,Hydroelectric power ect....

20 August - World Mosquito Day.

World Mosquito Day is observed annually on 20 August to commemorate the discovery by British Doctor Sir Ronald Ross on 20 August 1897,that female mosquitoes transmit malaria between humans. Dr. Ross declared after his discovery that the day should be known as World Mosquito Day.

August 19 2021

19 August- World Humanitarian Day.

August 19 is designated by the United Nations as World Humanitarian Day to recognize those who have lost their lives working for humanitarian causes. It was observed for the first time in 2009. .

19 August-birth anniversary of Saint Alphonsa.

Saint Alphonsa, born on 19 August 1910 and died on 28 July 1946, was an Indian Catholic nun and educator and the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church. .

19 August- birth anniversary of Shaker Dayal Sharma.

Shankar Dayal Sharma, born on 19 August 1918 and died on 26 December 1999,was the ninth President of India,serving from 1992 to 1997.He had been the eighth Vice President of India, serving under R Venkataraman,also the Chief Minister of Bhopal State from 1952 to 1956 and the Cabinet Minister from 1956 to 1967.He also served as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1972- 1974 and returned to the Government as Union Minister for Communication from 1974 to 1977. .

August 18 2021

18 August- 1868 Pierre Janssen discovered Helium.

*Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen* was a French astronomer and solar physicist, credited for the discovery of gaseous nature of the solar chromosphere and the discovery of helium on 18 August 1868.Helium is the second most abundant element in the observable universe, but rare on Earth, is the product of the radioactive decay of elements like uranium. .

August 17 2021

17 August 1949- Indonesia's Independence Day. Indonesia's first President-Sukarno..

Indonesia, the world's largest island country and the world's fourth most populous country, is in Southeast Asia between India and Pacific ocean, consists of over seventeen thousand islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sudanese and parts of Barnes and New Guinea.Its former name was Netherlands East Indies (Dutch East Indies), declared independence in 1945 and later on 17 August 1949,the Dutch transferred sovereignty and *Sukarno* served as the first president from 1949 to 1967. .

Chingam 1 (Malayalam month) Farmers Day in Kerala..

Chingam 1, Kolla Varsham 1197 ,or the first day of the Malayalam calendar, is celebrated as Farmers Day in Kerala. .

August 16 2021

16 August 1962 *_France ceded full sovereignty to India_* over the territories it held. French India postage stamps.

French india copper coins- Doudou.,French Indian one rupees....Franch India was a French colony of five geographically separated enclaves- Pondichery,Karikal,Yanaom, Mahe and Chandernagor,that had factories of the French East India Company.The French influence in India was from 1664 to 1954 with capital Pondichery,issued coins, currencies and postage stamps their own. The conflicts with the Dutch and the British, their influence shrank to the settlement listed above. In 1954 all the French holdings were de facto part of the Indian Union, but France exchanged the full sovereignty to India over the territories in 16 August 1962. .

August 15 2021

75th anniversary of Happy Independence Day, The First postal stamp of Independent India.

*Independence Day* is annually celebrated on 15th August, commemorating our nation's independence from the United Kingdom on 15th August 1947. India attained independence following the Independence Movement noted for largely Non-violent resistance and Civil disobedience. The provisions of the Indian Independence Act 1947, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament, which transferred legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly on 15th August 1947. .

August 14 2021

14 August 1941-The Atlantic Charter issued by US President and British Prime Minister.

The Atlantic Charter was a statement issued on 14 August 1941 by the US President, Franklin D Roosevelt ,and the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill ,at Newfoundland for the world after the end of World War ll.The joint statement outlined the aim- no territorial aggression, reduction of trade restrictions, global co- operations to better economic and social conditions for all ect..The dismantling of the British Empire, the formation of NATO,and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)all derived from the Atlantic Charter.

August 13 2021

13 August - International Left Handers Day.

International Left Handers Day is observed annually on August 13 to celebrate the uniqueness and differences of left-handed individuals. The day was first observed in 1976 by Dean R Campbell,founder of Lefthanders International,to bring attention of the advantages and disadvantages of being left-handed,who are from seven to ten percent of the world's population, a predominantly right-handed world.

August 12 2021

12 August-birth anniversary of Vikram Sarabhai.

Dr.Vikram Ambalal_ Sarabhai* ,born on 12 August 1919 and died on 30 December 1971,was an Indian physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and nuclear power in Indian. He was the founder of Indian Space Research Organizations (ISRO),regarded as the 'Father of the Indian Space Program', and the head of India's Department of Atomic Energy. He was honoured with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and Padma Vibhushan(posthumously)in 1972.

12 August - International Youth Day.

International Youth Day (IYD)is observed annually on 12 August by the United Nations to draw attention to the youth issues worldwide. It was designated by the UN in 1999 Resolution and first observed on 12 August 2000.

12 August World Elephant Day.

August 11 2021

11 August-birth anniversary of Christiaan Eijkman,the discoverer of Vitamins.

Christiaan Eijkman, born on 11 August 1858 and died on 5 November 1930, was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of antineuritic vitamins (thiamine) He received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1929 for the discovery of Vitamins. .

August 10 2021

10 August 1741, The Battle of Colachel was fought..

*The* *Battle* *of* *Colachel* was fought on 10 August 1741 between the Indian kingdom of Travancore and the Dutch East India Company. The Travancore force under Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch forces led by Admiral Eustachius De Lannoy and the defeat no longer posed a larger colonial threat to India. .

10 August-birth anniversary of Arne Tiselius, discoverer of Serum proteins..

Arne Wilhelm Katrina Tiselius ,born on 10 August 1902 and died on 29 October 1971,was a Swedish biochemist who won the Noble Prize in Chemistry in 1948 for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins. .

August 09 2021

9 August- International Day of the World's Indigenous People..

*The International Day of the World's Indigenous People is observed by the United Nations on 9 August each year to raise awareness and protect the rights of these people. There are approximately 5000 communities around the world, called native people, basically the ethnic groups which are the primary inhabitants of a particular region. .

August 08 2021

8 August 1942,Quit India Movement started.

100 Rupees coin issued by the RBI in 1992 on the Golden Jubilee of the Quit India Movement.The Quit India Movement was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942,during the World War ll,demanding an end to British rule in India.Gandhiji made a call to "Do or Die" in his speech at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay..

8 August 1509-Krishnadevasaya crowned the Emperor of Vijayanagara.

Krishnadevaraya was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire, who crowned on 8 August 1509 and reigned from 1509 to 1529.He was the third and the greatest ruler of Tuluva Dynasty possessed the largest empire in India after the decline of Delhi Sultanate...

8 August-ASEAN Day..

ASEAN,officially the Association of Southeast Asian Nations is an economic union,created on 8 August 1967,comprising 10 member states in Southeast Asia,which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational and sociocultural integration between its members and other countries in Asia. It's rules and principles are based on the principles of UN..

August 07 2021

7 August-birth anniversary of M S Swaminathan,"Father of Green Revolution in India"..

Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan, born on 7 August 1925, is an Indian geneticist and agricultural scientist, known for his role in India's Green Revolution and he has been called the "Father of Green Revolution in India" for his high-yielding varities of wheat in India. He is the founder of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation and was awarded- Padma Sri in 1967, Padma Bhushan in 1972, World Food Prize in 1987 and Padma Vibhushan in 1989...

August 06 2021

6 August-Hiroshima Day..

In the final of the World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima-"Little Boy" an enriched uranium fission nuclear bomb, and in Nagasaki-"Fat Man", a plutonic nuclear bomb, on 6 and 9 August 1945 respectively. The two bombing killed between 1,29,000 and 2,26,000 people, most of whom were civilians.

6 August-birth anniversary of Sir Alexander Fleming..

Sir Alexander Fleming, born on 6 August 1881 and died on 11 March 1955, was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic, which he named "Pencilin". He won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945..

August 05 2021

5 August-birth anniversary of Neil Armstrong.

Neil Alden Armstrong, born on 5 August 1930 and died on 25 August 2012, was an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer and the 'First Man to walk on the Moon'..

August 04 2021

4 August-birth anniversary of Yasser Arafat.

Yasser Arafat, born on 4 August 1929 in Cairo, Egypt and died on 11 November 2004, was a Palestinian political leader and was the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004. He was also the President of the Palestinian Authority from 1994 to 2004 and the founding member of the Fatah political party which he held from 1959 until 2004. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994..

4 August-birth anniversary of Kishore Kumar.

Kishore Kumar, born on 4 August 1929 and died on 13 October 1987, was an Indian playback singer, actor and one of the most popular singers in Indian film industry. Apart from Hindi, he sang in many Indian languages including Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam and Urdu. He won 8 Filmfare awards for Best Male playback singer and holds the record for winning the most..

August 03 2021

3 August-birth anniversary of Hindi poet-Maithili Sharan Gupt.

Maithili Sharan Gupt, born on 3 August 1886 and died on 12 December 1964, was one of the most important modern Hindi poets who wrote in Khari Boli dialect. His book 'Bharat-Bharati'(1912) widely quoted during India's freedom struggle and Mahatma Gandhi given him the title "Rashtra Kavi". He was a recipient of Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian honour.

3 August 1492-First Voyage of Christopher Columbus.

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August 02 2021

2 August-birth anniversary of Pingali Venkaiah-the base designer of Indian Flag.

Pingali Venkaiah, born on 2 August 1876 and died on 4 July 1963, was an Indian freedom fighter from Andhra Pradesh and was a staunch follower of Mahatma Gandhi. He was the designer of the flag on which the Indian national flag was based.

July 31 2021

Cartoonist Sankar with Pandit Nehru-a photograph..

Kesava Sankara Pillai, known as Sankar,born on 31 July 1902 in Kayamkulam, Kerala and died on 26 December 1989, was an Indian cartoonist - considered the 'father of political cartooning in India'. He founded the Sankar's Weekly, India's punch in 1948, but closed down during the Emergency in 1975, Iater he turned to making children laugh and enjoy life. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian honour, in 1976. Today Sankar is most remembered for setting up Children's Book Trust established in 1957 and Sankar's International Dolls Museum in 1965.

July 30 2021

30 July-birth anniversary of Muthulakshmi Reddy "A woman of many first"..

Muthulakshmi Reddy, born on 30 July 1886 and died on 22 July 1968. was an Indian medical practitioner, social reformer and Padma Bhushan award recipient in 1956. In 1954, she opened the Cancer Institute in Chennai and she was also the founder of Women's Indian Association. She had a number of firsts to her name-the first female student to be admitted into a men's college, first woman House Surgeon in Govt. Hospital, the first woman Legislator in British India, first Chairperon of the State Social Welfare Advisory Board.... regarded her as "A woman of many first".

30 July-International Friendship Day.(USSR postage stamp issued in 1960).

International Day of Friendship is an initiative made by UNESCO, first proposed in 1958 in Paraguay, with a view of solving problems and it was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1997 and declared 30 July as International Friendship Day, with the idea that friendship between people, countries, cultures and individuals can inspire peace efforts and build bridges between communities.

July 29 2021

29 July-birth anniversary of JRD Tata.

Jahangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, born on 29 July 1904 and died on 29 November 1993, was an Indian aviator, industrialist, entrepreneur and chairman of Tata Group. In 1929, he became the first licenced pilot in India and was also the founder of several industries under Tata Group, including Tata Consultancy, Tata Motors, Titan Industries, Tata Salt ,Voltas and Air India. For his contribution in Indian industry, the Govt. of India honoured him Padma Vibhushan in 1955 and Bharat Ratna in 1992.

July 29-International Tiger Day

Indian Two rupees currency issued in 1970 depicting Tiger.International Tiger Day held annually on 29 July, created in 2010 at the Saint Petersburg in Russia, to promote a global system for protecting the natural habitat and for the conservation issues of the endangered and extinct species of Tigers. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) General Assembly meeting held at Delhi in 1969 voiced the serious concern about the threat to several wildlife species. The Tiger Project Conservation programme was launched in 1973 by the Govt. of India to save the National Animal.

July 28 2021

28 July-birth anniversary of Dr. Baruch S Blumberg, discoverer of Hepatitis B Virus.

World Hepatitis Day is observed on 28 July every year to raise global awareness of this infection disease known as Hepatitis A,B,C,D&E and encourage prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This affects millions of people worldwide killing close to 1.34 million people every year. The date is chosen by the WHO as it is the birthday of Nobel Prize winner of 1976 in Medicine- scientist Dr. Baruch Samuel Blumberg (a Jewish American physcian and scientist) born on 28 July 1925, who discovered Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and developed vaccine for the virus..

July 27 2021

27 July-death anniversary of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, the Missile Man of India..

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, "the Missile Man of India", born on 15th October 1931 and died on 27th July 2015. born in Rameswarm, Tamil Nadu, was an Indian aerospace scientist and politician who saved as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He worked as a scientist and Science administrator in the Defence Research and Development organisation (DRDO) and Indian space Research Organisation (ISRO).

July 26 2021

26 July-birth anniversary of Bernad Shaw..

George Bernad Shaw, born on 26 July 1856 and died on 2 November 1950, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist. He wrote more than sixty plays, including major works such as-Man and Superman (1902), Pygmalion (1912) and Saint Joan (1923).With a range of many contemporary satire and historical allegary, Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925.

July 26, anniversary of the cargil war.

The Kargil war was an armed conflict between 3rd May and 26th July 1999 in Kargil district of Kashmir along the Line of control (LOC) between India and Pakistan,with a decisive Indian victory. In India, it is also referred to as Operation Vijay, to clear the Kargil sector. This particular operation was given the code name-Operation Safed Sagar meaning"Operation White Sea" which regained possession of Kargil. In this battle to safeguard our motherland, the Army nearly lost 527 officers, soldiers and Jawans, many of whom were posthumously felicitated with gallantry awards..

July 25 2021

25 July 306 AD-Roman Emperor-Constantine the Great came to the throne..

Constantine the Great, also known as Constantine-I, was a Roman emperor from AD-306 to 337. He was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. The Church of Holy Sepulchre was built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus tomb in Jerusalem.Contantine built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city Constantinople after him. He introduced the gold coin-"Solidus", that became the standard for Byzantine and European currencies for more than a thousand years.

25 July - birth anniversary of Rosalind Elsie Franklin. She discovered the structure of DNA..

Rosalind Elsie Franklin, born on 25 July 1920 and died on 16 April 1958, was an English chemist who discovered the molecular structures of DNA, (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA,(ribonucleic acid) viruses, coal and graphite. She is referred as the "dark lady of DNA" and the "forgotten heroine"..

July 24 2021

24 July-birth anniversary of Simon Bolivar.

Simon Bolivar, born on 24th July 1783 and died on 17 December 1830, was a Liberator, a Venezuelan military and a Political leader who liberated the countries of Venezuela, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia (which was named after him)to independence from the Spanish Empire in Latin America. His compaign for independence began in 1808 by establishing an organized National Congress. He participated in the foundation of the first Union of independent Nations in Latin America-"Gran Colombia" (present day-Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Equador) Peru and Bolivia, a vast terraitory from the Argentine borders to the Caribbean Sea, which he was the President from 1819 to 1830.

July 23 2021

23 July-birth anniversary of Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

A commemorative 100 rupees coin issued by the RBI on the 150th birth anniversary of Bal Gangadhar Tilak."Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it" the great slogan of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in the Indian independence movement, born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak on 23 July 1856 and died on 1 August 1920, was an Indian nationalist, teache and the first leader of the Indian independence movement. He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate.The British colonial authorities called him "The father of the Indian unrest" and the people called him with the title "Lokmanya" which means-accepted by the people and Mahatma Gandhi called him "The Maker of Modern India".

23 July-birth anniversary of Chandra Sekhar Azad.

Chandra Sekhar Azad, born on 23 July 1906 and died on 27 February 1931, popularly known as Azad- was an Indian revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association under its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) after the death of its founder, Ramprasad Bismil. Azad shot himself after being surrounded by the Police on 27th February 1931 in Allahabad.

July 22 2021

22 July 1947-Indian National Flag was officially adopted.

"The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term "tricolour" almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag,

22 July 2019-Chandrayaan 2 launched.

Chandrayaan 2 is the second lunar exploration mission developed by the Indian Space Research organisation (ISRO),after Chandrayaan 1, launched on 22 July 2019, carried by GSLV Mark Ill from Satish Dhawan Space Centre. It reached the Moon's orbit on 20 August 2019 and landed on the Lunar South Pole on 6 September 2019 and India is the 4th country ever to have a soft- landing on the lunar surface. The main scientific objective of Chandrayaan 2 is to map and study the variations in lunar surface composition and the location of lunar water. Another achievement of the same date is that,on 22 July 1981 India's first Geo-Stationary Satellite (communication satellite) - Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE) started functioning which was launched on 19 June 1981.

22 July-National Mango Day.

July 22 is National Mango Day. 5000 years ago, mangoes were first cultivated in India before they spread to Southeast Asia. In the 10th century AD, cultivation of this delicious sweet and juicy fruit began in East Africa. In Kerala, Kannapuram in Kannur district, over 200 varieties of mangoes, is being declared an "Indigenous Mango Heritage Area".

July 21 2021

21 July 1969-Man on the Moon.

"One Giant Leap For Mankind", the United States Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon on 21 July 1969 and US is the only country conducted crewed mission. Neil A.Amstrong, the first person to step into the lunar surface, Edwin E.Aldrin and Michael Collins spend 21 hours, 36 minutes on the lunar surface and the sight they named Tranquility Base. The first human- made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna-2, on 13 September 1959. Gene Cernan of United States was the last person to walk on the Moon on 17 December 1972.

July 20 2021

20 July 1960-Sirimavo Bandaranaike,elected as world's first female Prime Minister.

Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike commonly known as Sirimavo Bandaranaike, born on 17 April 1916 and died on 10 October 2000, was the world's first elected female Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, elected on July 20, 1960. She was chosen as the Chairwoman of the Non-Alignment Movement in 1976 and her career lasted 40 years serving as prime minister on multiple occasions, in 1960-65,1970-77 and 1994-2000.

20 July - International Chess Day.

The International Chess Day is celebrated annually on July 20, the day in which International Chess Federation was formed in 1924. The day was proposed by UNESCO and has been celebrated since 1966. Chess was invented in North India during the Gupta period (319-543 CE) in the name "Chaturanga", later spread to Persia and then to Europe and evolved in its current form. Viswanathan Anand became the first Grandmaster from India in 1988 and he won the world championship in 2000, 2002, 2007 and 2013. The current world champion is Magnus Carisen of Norway.

July 19 2021

19 July-birth anniversary of Mangal Pandey.

Mangal Pandey, born on 19 July 1827 and died on 8 April 1857, was an Indians soldier in the regiment of the British East India Company and the first freedom fighter who played a key part in the outbreak of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The rebellion led to the abolition of the British East India Company in favour of direct British rule.Due to his attack on two British soldiers, he was hanged to death on April 8, 1857 at the age of 29.

19 July 1977-world's first GPS signal transmitted.

The Global Positioning System (GPS), known as Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system of USA government that provide geolocation and time information anywhere on the Earth. The world's first GPS signal was transmitted from Navigation Technology satellite 2 (NTS-2) of US and received at Rockwell Collins in USA on 19 July 1977. The GPS Project was started by the US Deparatment of Defense in 1973 and in 1993 the full constellation of 24 Satellites placed at six different orbits display location and time.

July 18 2021

18 July-birth anniversary of Nelson Mandela.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ,born on 18th July 1918 and died on 5 December 2013, was a South African anti-apatheid revolutionary, Political leader and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1990 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. "Long Walk To Freedom" is the autobiography of Nelson Mandela.

July 17 2021

17 July-World Day for International Justice.

World Day for International Justice is created throughout the world on July 17 as a part of an effort to recognize the emerging system of international criminal justice. The date is the adoption of the treaty that created the International Criminal Court. This day support justice, promote rights of the victims, also help in preventing crime that threatens peace, security and well-being of the world.)

17 July-World Emoji Day😂

World Emoji Day is an unofficial annual observance on 17 July, created in 2014, by Jeremy Burge, the London based founder of Emojipedia-based on the way the calendar emoji is shown on iPhones.

July 16 2021

16 July 662 CE-Hijri Calendar started

The Hijri Calendar also known as Islamic, Muslim or Arabic calendar is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It was Umar I, the second caliph, who introduced the Hijrah era with the first day of the lunar month of Muharrom, which corresponds to 16July 622 CE on the Julian calendar. During that year Prophet Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina and established the first Muslim community, that event commemorated as the Hijra, usually denoted AH (Latin: Anno Hegirae,"in the year of the Hijra')

16 July 1909, birth anniversary of Aruna Asaf Ali.

Aruna Asaf Ali, born on 16 July 1909 and died on 29 July 1996, was an Indian educator, political activist and an active participant in the Indian independence movement, widely remembered for hoisting the Indian National Flag at the Gowalia Tank maidan, Bombay during the Quit India Movement in 1942. In the post-independence, she became Delhi's first Mayor. She was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1992 and Bharat Ratna, posthumously in 1997.

16 July-World Snake Day

World Snake Day was created on 16 July to help people learn more about these oldest reptiles and spread awareness how they are important to the ecosystem. There are approximately 3458 species of snakes around he world both inland and sea and about 350 species are found in India. Our National Snake is Indian Cobra, the longest snake in the world is Reticulated Python (Malayopython) a length over 6.25 metres and the most venomous snake is inland Taipan.

July 15 2021

15 July - birth anniversary of K. Kamaraj

Kumaraswami Kamaraj, born on 15 July 1903 and died on 2 October 1975, was an Indian independence activist and politician who served as the Chief Minister of Madras State (Tamil Nadu) from 1954 to 1963. He was also served as the president of Indian National Congress for two terms-in 1964 and 1967 and was the Member of Lok Sabha during 1952 and 1975. He played a major role in developing the Madras state, to improve the quality of life of the needy and disadvantaged and was awarded Bharatha Ratna postumously in 1976

July 14 2021

14 July 1789- fall of Bastille - French National Day

The French Revolution was a period of fundamental political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended in November 1799 with the formation of the French Consulate. The Revolutionaries stormed with the slogan "Liberty, Equality and Fraternity" demolished the Bastille Prison on 14 July 1789, the symbol of Bourbon monarchy. The event was the commencement of the French Revolution, celebrated as the French National Day.

July 13 2021

13 July 1930-FIFA World Cup was first held in Uruguay.

Federation of International Football Association (FIFA)World Cup football tournament, held in every four years, was organized in 13 July 1930 by FIFA President Jules Rimet when football was dropped from the programme for the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics. Uruguay was chosen to host the First World Cup that they were the winner and gold medallist at 1924 Paris Olympics and 1928 Amsterdam Olympics and Uruguay won the first World Cup were 32 teams participated. World Cup football was not held in 1942 and 1946 because of Second World War. FIFA Cup is a gold tropy made of 18 carat gold, 36.8 centimetres high and weight 6.1 kilograms, most won by Brazil 5 times.

July 12 2021

George Eastman, the Pioneer of Photography, born on 12th July 1854.

George Eastman was an American enterpreneur who founded the Eastman Kodak Company and helped to bring the use of roll film in photography, later led to the invention of motion pictures in 1888.

July 11 2021

11 July- World Population Day.Issued in 1974

World population Day is observed on July 11 every year to aware the global population issues. The event was established by the Governing Council of the UN Development Programme in 1989. This day aims to increase People's awareness on various issues such as- the importance of family planning, gender equality, poverty, mental health and human rights.

11 July-Issued in 1996 with a view to focus World Population Day.(circulating commemorative coin)

11 July-Family Planning issue on 11 July 1993 (World Population Day.)

July 10 2021

10 July-birth day of Sunil Govaskar.

Sunil Monohar Govaskar, often known as Sunny Govaskar, born on 10th July 1949,is a former Indian international crickter who played from early 1970s to the late 1980s for the Indian National Team. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Test batsmen and best opening batsmen, set World records during his career as the first cricketer for most of the Test runs and most Test Centuries, the record of 34 Test centuries, first to score centuries in both innings of a Test match 3 times and the first Test batsman to score 10000 Test runs.

July 09 2021

Wimbledon Championship started on 9th July 1877 at Wimbledon, London.

Wimbledon tournament is one of the oldest and most prestigious Tennis event in the world, first held in July 9,1877 in a district town southwest London. It is the only one Tennis Championship still played on natural grass. Boris Becker of Germany became the youngest male player to win Wimbledon on 7 July 1985 at the age 17 years, 7 months.

July 08 2021

Netherland's currency, 25 Guilder, depicting Christiaan Huygens.

Netherland's currency, 25 Guilder, depicting Christiaan Huygens
NChristiaan Huygens was a great scientist, died on 8th July 1695, known for his studies of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon Titan. His most famous invention was the invention of the Pendulam Clock in 1656, which was a breakthrough in time keeping and became the most accurate timekeeper for almost 300 years.Netherland's currency, 25 Guilder, depicting Christiaan Huygens

8 July-death anniversary of Christiaan Huygens-,founder of Mathematical Physics & Pendulam Clock

July 07 2021

7 July - death anniversary of Maharaja Marthanda Varma.

Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma, born in 1706 and died on 7 July 1758, known as the "Maker of Modern Travancore" was ruler of the Indian kingdom of Travancore (Venad) from 1729 until his deathin 1758. He defeated the Dutch forces at the Battle of Colachel in 1741 and built a strong standing army of 50000 men, adopted a European mode of discipline with war machine and fortified the northern boundary of his kingdom up to Kochi.

July 06 2021

6 July-birth day of the 14th Dalai Lama, Gyalwa Rinpochi.

The 14th Dalai Lama, born on 6 July 1935, Tenzin Gyatso, known as Gyalwa Rinpochi to the Tibetan people, is the highest spiritual leader of Tibet and the current Dalai Lama. On April 29, 1959, the Dalai Lama established the independent Tibetan Government in exile.

July 05 2021

5 July - death anniversary of Vaikom Muhammad Basheer.

Vaikom Muhammad Basheer, born on 21 January 1908 and died on 5 July 1994, also known as Beypore Sultan, was an Indian freedom fighter and a popular Malayalam novelist and short story writer. His notable works include-"Balyakalasakhi, Pathummayude Aadu, Mathilukal, Ntuppuppakkoranedarnu........" and this works translated into other languages earned him worldwide acclaim. The Government of India awarded him, the fourth highest civilian honor, Padma Shri in 1982 and he was also a recipient of the Sahitya Academy Fellowship and kerala State Film Awards for Best story.

July 04 2021

4 July 1776-United States Independence Day.

The United States independence day is commemorated on 4 July annually. The Continental Congress declared on 4 July 1776 that the Thirteen American colonies were no longer subject to the monarch of Britain and were now united, free and independent states.

July 01 2021

1 July-Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed.

Chinese Communist Party (CCP) of the People's Republic of China was founded on 1 July 1921 with the help of Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1949 the Communist party had driver the Kuomintang National Government from China after the Chinese Civil War and established the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949.

June 30 2021

July 1st-National Doctor's Day.

India celebrate National Doctor's Day on 1st July every year to honour the birth and death anniversary of great physician and second Chief minister of West Bengal, Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy. The day recognize the contributions of physicians to individual lives and communities.

June 29 2021

29 June-World Statistics Day.

World Statistics Day is an international day celebrated on 29 June from 2010 by the United Nations Statistical Commission and celebrated in every five years. India also celebrates it on 29 June, the birthday of Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, the Indian scientist and statistician and a member of the first Planning Commission of free India. Statistics aims to show good data which is indispensable for decision making in all sectors and it is a way of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, presenting and organizing data.

June 28 2021

28 June 1914-assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, led to First World War.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria,heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne ,and his wife Sophie were assassinated on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo. The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austia - Hungary Provinces. Austria-Hungary then declared war on Serbia, leading to war between most European States, which turned into the First World War.

June 27 2021

27 June-birth anniversary of Helen Keller

Helen Adams Keller, born on 27 June 1880 and died on 1 June 1968, was an American author, political activist and lecturer and was the first deafblind person to earn a bachelor of arts degree. The day is observed to promote those helping the blind and deaf.

June 26 2021

26 June - International Day Against Drug Abuse..

International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is a United Nations International Day against drug abuse and the illegal drug trade, observed annually on 26 June. The day is observed from 1989 to commemorate the dismantling of the opeam trade in China in 1839, just before the Opeam War in China.

June 25 2021

25 June 1983-India won the World Cup Cricket first time, in the captaincy of Kapil Dev.

The Cricket World Cup tournament, the 3rd edition was held from 9 to 25 June 1983 in England and Wales, was won by India in the captaincy of Kapil Dev. Eight countries participated in the event, with all day matches of 60 overs.

June 25 2021

25 June-birth anniversary of Mountbatten, last Viceroy of India.

Luis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten,born on 25 June 1900 and died on 27 August 1979, was a British Royal Navy officer , statesman and the Supreme Allied Commander of South East Asian Comand during Second World War. He was the last Viceroy of India and the first Goveroner-general of independent India.

June 24 2021

24 June-birthday of Lionel Messi.

Lionel Andres Messi also known as Leo Messi, born on 24 June 1987, is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as capitians of both Spanish Club, Barcelona and Argentina nation team, regarded as one of the greatest players of all times. Messi has won a record six Ballon d'Or awards, a record of six European Golden Shoes, 34 trophies, records for most goals in La Liga 474, European League 50 goals and so on.....

June 23 2021

23 June-International Widow's Day.

United Nations Public Service Day is celebrated on June 23 of every year to celebrate the value and virtued of public service to the Community.

23 June-International Olympic Day.

International Olympic Committee was established on 23 June 1894, for promoting competitive sport as a revival of the ancient Olympic Games. Due to World War II, Olympic Games had not been held in 1940 and 1944. In 1948 the Committee approved the idea to commemorate Olympic Day on June 23 every year.

June 22 2021

22 June-Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa was the code name for the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and its Axis allies which started on 22 June 1941 during World War-ll. The operation put into action Nazi Germany's ideological goal of conquering the western Soviet Union so as to repopulate it with Germans and acquiring the oil reserves as well as the agricultural resources of various Soviet territories.

June 21 2021

21 June-The Summer Solstice

The Summer Solstice or June Solstice (in Malayalam-Greeshma Ayanatha Dinam) in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on 21 June when Earth's North Pole has its maximum tilt towards the Sun. The Sun comes vertically over the Tropic of Cancer ( 23 and 1/2 degree North) on this day and the longest day of the year falls in the Northern Hemisphere.

21 June-International Day of Yoga

International Day of Yoga has been celebrated annually on 21 June since 2015, following its inception in the United Nations General Assembly in 2014. Yoga is a physical, mental and spiritual practice which orginated in India. The Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, in his UN address suggested the date of 21 June, as it is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and shares special significance in many parts of the world.

June 20 2021

20 June-World Refugee Day. First Day Cover issued by UN in 1959.

World Refugee Day is an international day organised every year on 20 June by the United Nations, designed to celebrate and honour refugees from around the world. The day was first established on 20 June 2001, in recognition of the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Staus of Refugees.

June 20 2021

Father's Day - Third Sunday of June, this year 20 June.

The third Sunday of June is designated as Father's Day in most counteries and in this year it falls on 20 June. The occasion pays tribute to father as he plays a vital role in nurturing children. The day appreciate this parental bond and feeling of gratitude towards fatherhood. Father's Day was founded in Spokane, Washington at the YMCA in 1910 by Sonora Smart Dodd for her father William Jackson Smart, a Civil War veteran.

June 19 2021

19 June-death anniversary of PN Panicker-National Reading Day.

Puthuvayil Narayana Panicker, born on March 1909 and died on 19 June 1995, is known as the Father of the Library movement in Indian state of Kerala. The Kerala Grandhasala Sangham that he initiated, which produced universal literacy in the state in 1990s and his death anniversary has been observed in Kerala as Vayanadinam (Reading Day) since 1996. In 2017, India Government declared this day as National Reading Day.

June 18 2021

18 June-death anniversary of Rani of Jhansi.

Lekshmibai, Rani of Jhansi, born on 19 November 1828 and died on 18 June 1858, was an Indian queen of the Maratha princely state of Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh, India. She was one of the most importent figures of the India's First war of Independence, died while fighting against the British in Gawlior on 18 June 1858. Lord Dalhousie's "doctrine of lapse" - allowing the British to annex an Indian state if the ruler did not have a male heir, brought Rani,the young widow of the last ruler of the of state Jhansi, to fight against the British.

18 June 1815-Battle of Waterloo.

The Battle of Waterloo was fought on 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in Belgium, a part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands at the time. French army under Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by the British-coalition armies, marked the end of the Nepoleonic Wars.

June 17 2021

17 June-World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought.

World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought-is a United Nations observence celebrated each year on 17 June. Its purpose is to raise awareness to prevent desertification and drought, highlighting methods of recovering from it.

June 16 2021

16 June - birth anniversary of Adam Smith

Adam Smith, born on 16 June 1723 and died on 17 July 1790, was a Scottish economist, philosopher and a pioneer of political economy ,also known as the "Father of Economis" or "The Father of Capitalism". His two classical works, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and The Weath of Nations (1776) - considered as the first modern work of economics.

June 15 2021

15 June - Magna Carta signing

Magna Carta was the first document, agreed by King John of England at Runnymede on 15 June 1215, to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the law. It sought to prevent the King from exploiting his powers and placed limits of royal authority by establishing law as a power in itself and constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.

15 June - Global Wind Day

Global Wind Day is a worldwide event held on June 15. It is a day for discovering wind energy, its power and possibilities to reshape our energy system, decarbonise our economies and to boost job and growth.

June 14 2021

14 June - United States Flag Day

United States Flag Day is celebrated on June 14 to commemorate the adoption of the flag on June 14,1777 by resolution of the Second Continantal Congress. The Flag Resolution stated that the union of Thirteen Colonies shall be represented by thirteen stars, White in the blue field.

14 June - World Blood Donor Day

World Blood Donor Day is held on June 14 each year and it was first organised in 2005 by a joint initiative of the World Health Organization, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to raise awareness of the need of blood and to thank blood donors for their voluntary, life-saving gift of blood.

June 13 2021

13 June - birth anniversary of Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad

Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad, born on 13 June 1909 and died on 19 March 1998, was an Indian communist politician who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala in 1957 to 1969 and the first non-Indian National Congress chief minister in the Indian republic.

June 12 2021

12 June - birth anniversary of Anne Frank.

Annelies Marie "Anne Frank", born on 12 June 1929 and died in February or March 1945, was one of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust in the Second World War. She gained fame posthumously with the 1947 publication of "The Diary of a Young Girl" in which she documents her life in hiding from 1942 to 1944, during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II. It is one of the world's best-known books and has been the basis of several plays and films.

12 June - The World Day Against Child Labour

The World Day Against Child Labour is an International Labour Organization (ILO) sanctioned day, first launched in 2002, aiming to raise awareness and activism to prevent child labour. The ILO ratified on the minimum age for employment and on the worst forms of child labour.

June 11 2021

11 June - Ram Prasad Bismil's birth anniversary

Ram Prasad Bismil, born on 11 June 1897 and died on 19 December 1927, was an Indian revolutionary who participated in Manipuri conspiracy of 1918 and the Kakori conspiracy of 1925 against the British. He was one of the founding members of the revolutionary organization-Hindustan Republican Association, which fought against British imperialism. Bismil was hanged on 19 December 1927 by the British for his revolutionary activities.

June 10 2021

10 June - National Herbs And Spices Day

National Herbs And Spices Day is celebrating each year on 10 June, recognizes the diversity and quality offered by using both fresh and dried herbs and spices in our cooking. Herbs and spices have been used for many hundreds of years and besides making our food delicious and an aromatic and natural fragrance, each has its specific health benefits.

10 June - Prakash Paudkone's birth anniversary

Prakash Padukone, born on 10 June 1955, was a former Indian badminton player who ranked World No.1 in 1980 and also the first Indian to win the All England Open Badminton Championship. He was awarded the Arjuna Award in 1972 and the Padma Shri in 1982 by the Government of India.

June 9 2021

9 June - George Stephenson's birth anniversary

George Stephenson, born on 9 June 1781 and died on 12 August 1848, was a British civil engineer and mechanical engineer, renowned as the "Father of Railways". His rail guage was the basis used by most of the world's railways and the rail transport in the 19th century made a key component of the Industrial Revolution. In 1825 he built the first public rail line, a steam locomotive to carry passengers,between Stockton and Darlington and in 1930 the first public inter-city railway line in the world between Liverpool and Manchester in England.

June 8 2021

8 June - World Oceans Day

World Oceans Day is an international day that take place annually on 8 June. It was officially recognised by the UN in 2008 to support the implementation of worldwide sustainable development goals and foster public interest in the protection of the ocean.

8 June - birth anniversary of Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee

Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, born on 8 June 1955, also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web (www). He is a Proffessorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford, proposed an information management,the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Server via the internet.

8 June - Establishment of All India Radio

All India Radio (AIR) officially known since 1957 as Akashvanic (Voice from the Sky) is the national public radio broadcaster of India, a division of Prasar Bharati, established in 8 June 1936. Today it broadcasts in 14 majour Indian languages, in English and in 82 tribal languages.

June 7 2021

7 June - Bhaskara I satellite launch.

Bhaskara I satellite, built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) ,was India's first low orbit Earth observation satellite, launched on 7 June 1979. It was named after ancient Indian mathematician Bhaskara l, to collect data on telemetry, oceanography and hydrology.

7 June - World Food Safety Day

World Food Safety Day aims to draw attention and inspire action to help prevent, detect and manage foodborne risks, contributing to food security, human health, economic prosperity, agriculture, market access, tourism and sustainable development. The Woold Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the UN jointly facilitate the observance of this day on 7 June every year.

June 6 2021

6 June - YMCA foundation day.

YMCA is a wordwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by Sir George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind and spirit".

June 5 2021

5 June-World Environment Day.

World Environment Day is celebrated annually on 5 June every year for encouraging awareness and action for the protection of the environment. In 1974 the United Nations formed a platform for raising awareness on environmental issues such as marine pollution, human overpopulation, global warming, sustainable consumption and wildlife crime.

June 4 2021

4 June-International Day of innocent children victims of aggression.

International Day of innocent Children Victims of Aggression is a United Nations observersce held on June 4 every year, established in 1982 focused on the 1982 Lebanon War. Its purpose is to acknowledge the pain suffered by children throughout the world who are the victims of physicial, mental and emotional abuse. This day affirms the UN's commitment to protect the right of children.

June 3 2021

3 June-birth anniversary of G Sankara Kurup.

G Sankara Kurup, known by Mahakavi G, born on 3 June and died on 2 February 1978, was an Indian poet, essayist and literary critic in Malayalam literature. He was the first recipient of the Jnanpith Award, the highest Indian literary honor. He served as a nominated member of the Rajya Sabha from 1968 to 1972 and was a recipient of Padma Bhushan, Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award, Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award and Soviet Land Nehru Award.

June 3 2021

3 June-World Bicycle Day

In April 2018, the UN General Assembly declared June 3 as International World Bicycle Day. The day recognize the uniqueness,longevity and versatility of the bicycle, which has been in use for two centuries and it is a simple, affordable, reliable, clean and environmentally fit sustainable means of transport. In 1817, a German named Karl von Drais made the first development of bicycle and he is widely regarded as the 'father of bicycle".

June 2 2021

2 June 1964 -Palestine Libration Organization formed.

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded in 1964 with the purpose of the liberation of Palestine through armed struggle. It has enjoyed observer status at the United Nations since 1974, but due to its activities, including violence aimed at Israeli civilians, the PLO was declared as a terrorist organnization by the UN in 1987.

June 1 2021

June 1-World Milk Day..

World Milk Day is an international day established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN to recognize the importance of milk as a global food. It has been observed on June-1 each year since 2001 to provide an oppeatunity to bring attention to activities connected with the diary sector.

May 31 2021

The West Indies Federation collapsed on 31st May 1962.

The West Indies Federation was a short-lived Political union that existed from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962. Various islands in the Caribbean that were a part of the British Empire including Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and Jamaica with its capital in Port of Spain in Trinidad and Tobago. The Federation collapsed due to internal political conflicts in 1962 May 31 and each Island nation became independent.

May 30 2021

Alfonso de Albuquerque, Second Governer of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515.

Alfonso de Albuquerque was a Portuguese general, Duke of Goa, a great conqueror, a statesman and an empire builder, conquered Goa on 30th May 1510. He became the second Governor of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515. His military brilliance in compaigns against the much larger Ottoman Empire and allies enabled postugal to become the first global empire in history. He led the first voyage by a European fleet into the Red Sea, considered him military genius and the greatest naval Commander of the age. He was known as "the Caesar of the East","the Lion of the seas" and "the Portuguse Mars"ndia Portuguesa Currency-1000 Escuods, depicted Alfonso de Albuquerque.

Voltire-death anniversary on 30th May 1778.

Francois-Marie-Arouet, known by Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and Philosopher famous for his wit, criticism of Christianity especially the Roman Catholic Church, as well as his advocacy of freedom of speech, freedom of religion and seperation of church and state. He wrote more than 2000 books and pamphlets which influenced anarchists and socialists in their struggles is the French Revolution.

May 29 2021

Constantinople.A postal stamp issued by Ottoman Empire in 1876.

Fall of Constantinople, the capital of Byzantine Empire, was captured by the Ottoman Empire (Turks) on 29th May 1453 by the 21 year old Sultan Mehmed-ll, later called Mehmed the Conqueror. The fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the end of the Roman Empire, lasted from 27 BC, having nearly 1500 Years of rule. This marked the end of Medieval period and divided between Europe and Asia Minor.

May 28 2021

Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, born on 28th May

Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, born on 28th May 1923, popularly known as NTR, was an Indian actor, producer, director, film editor and politician who served as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh for seven years over three terms. He received three National Film Awards, and Rashtrapati Award for his performance in 1954..

May 27 2021

Jawaharlal Nehru. death anniversary on 27th May.

Jawaharlal Nehru,death anniversary on May 27 (1964), was an Indian independence activist and the first Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964 and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He was also known as Pandit Nehru, due to his roots with the Kashmir Pandit community and Indian children knew him as Chacha Nehru. In 1955, Nehruwas awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour by the Indian President Rajendra Prasad.Nehru was a charismatic and radical leader who advocated complete independence from foreign rule and self governance. He implemented policies baised on mixed economy, where the government controlled public sector. The policy of Non-Alignment Movement during cold war, Education policy, Foreign policy, Defence and Nuclear Policy, Atomic Energy, The Panchsheela (Five principles of peaceful coexistance) with China were a few of his notable policies. He is also known as "the architect of modern India" and his birthday 14th November is celebrated as Children's day in India. His book"The discovery of India"gives a good history of evolution of India from ancient times to modern age.

May 26 2021

Coronation of Nicholas-II,Last Tsar Emperor of Russia ,on 26-05-1986

Nicholas second disastrous reign saw several events for Russia.At the coronation festival,a stampede resulted in the death of nearly 1,400 people.In1905 Russia was decisively defeated by Japan during Russo-Japanese war.Nichola's approval of Russian's entry in the world War-1 resulted in the death of 3 million Russians.The Revolution of 1917 collapsed the Russian Monarchy and executed Nicholas II and his family is july 1918